During the formation of domestic breeds from Anser cygnoides, there are relatively relationship between the genetic differentiation of domestic geese and some geographic scale.

在中國鴻雁家鵝品種的形成過程中向日葵视频在线下载官方下载，家鵝的遺傳分化式樣與品種的地理分布型式有很大的相關(guān)性，表現(xiàn)為地理分化的物種形成模型99精品无码午夜福利理论片。

The average percent value of G C (49.3%) was less than that of A T (50.7%), there was a bias of the content of G, T in the third codon; The number of transition G-A and T-C were 22, 15 respectively, which were higher than that of transition A-G and C-T, the number of tranversion C-A, T-G is 2 respectively, and other tranversion patterns didnt occur; the probability of transition was higher than that of tranversion , Ts/Tv = 9.5-19, there was the highest number of transition in the third codon. The gamma parameter a of the lst,nd and 3rd codon positions were 0.00572,0.01237 and 1.05239 respectively, they showed that there was adifferent substitution rate at different codon position. Frequences of synonymous codon usage were relatively biased. The average rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution were 0.0787, 0.0011 respectively, there was a significant difference between dS and dN (Z = 4.713, p.01), and the low ratio( CD = 0.0284 .3) of dN/dS ratio impled that there were selective constraints against the nonsynonymous sites in cyt-b gene, The distribution of nonsynonymous codon substitution pattern related to Grantharm distance indicated that the purified selection at 2nd codon positions was more intensive than that at 1st codon positions. The phylogenetic trees supported the view of the double origin of Chinese goose, which means that domestic Chinese goose was derived from Anser cygnoides and domestic European goose, and Yili was derived from Anser anser.

堿基含量分析可知女人一边做一边潮喷30p，序列的G C含量(49.3％)＜A T含量(50.7％)，密碼子第三位點的G黄色的网站免费直接进入、T含量都有較強(qiáng)的偏倚性在线观看免费A片视频；序列間G→A和T→C的轉(zhuǎn)換數(shù)(22次和15次)高于A→G和C→T的轉(zhuǎn)換數(shù)(10次和9次)，C→A欧美黄色网站哪里有、T→G顛換數(shù)均為2次蜜桃视频未满在线观看免费，其余顛換模式均未發(fā)生；轉(zhuǎn)換數(shù)明顯高于顛換數(shù)日韩精品成人网页在线观看视频，Ts／Tv=9.5～19激情熟妇无码视频，密碼子第三位點的轉(zhuǎn)換數(shù)最高，呈現(xiàn)了相當(dāng)強(qiáng)烈的轉(zhuǎn)換偏倚性欧美特级视频；密碼子第一一级特黄A片在线观看、二和三位點的gamma分布參數(shù)α值分別為0.00572、0.01237和1.05239国产一级a黄在线播放，表明密碼子第一位點的替換速率變異最大29pao在线视频，第二位點次之，第三位點的替換速率變異相對較信访佬园吓Ｊ悠怠国产激情图片区；編碼同一氨基酸的同義密碼子并非隨機(jī)使用，表現(xiàn)出一定程度的使用偏倚性色哟哟最新入口；同義替換速率和非同義替換速率分別為0.0787和0.0011亚洲人成毛片在线播放器，dS與dN值間的差異極顯著(Z=4.713，p＜0.01)成年人网站免费视频在线观看，而ω=0.0284综合激情区小说区图片区，明顯小于0.3，表明雁屬鵝細(xì)胞色素b基因序列經(jīng)歷了中度凈化選擇作用日日摸夜夜爽毛片免费视频；單步非同義替換(Sing-step nonsymonymous codon substitution在线看的欧美中文免费网站，SSNCS)分布模式與Grantharm距離之間的關(guān)系說明密碼子的三個位點所受的凈化選擇強(qiáng)度不同；構(gòu)建的最大簡約樹與鄰接樹拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)一致国产亚洲精品AA片在线，支持中國家鵝的雙起源學(xué)說加勒比在线精品视频在线观看，即除伊犁鵝外的其它中國鵝品種起源于鴻雁，伊犁鵝和歐洲的郎德鵝、萊茵鵝起源于灰雁九色91。

Mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence were used to study the molecular evolution and phylogeny of Anser cygnoides(15 breed of Chinese goose), Anser anser(2 breed of domestic European goose) and Anser albifrons(the lesser white-fronted goose, Genbank accession number AF363031). Sequence analysis revealed that there were 29 variable sites and 4 haplotypes in 45 sequences, nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity were 0.0068,0.45 respectively, insertion/deletion or frameshift mutation were not found in Cyt-b gene sequences(1143bp).

本實驗測定了中國家鵝15個品種亚洲免费播放黄色网、歐洲鵝2個品種共44個個體的細(xì)胞色素b基因全序列，與Genbank庫中自額雁細(xì)胞色素b基因序列合并在一起比對分析国产综合无码一区二区辣椒，17個家鵝品種和白額雁細(xì)胞色素b基因全序列均為1143bp国产情侣一区二区，序列中沒有缺失、插入或移碼突變久久中国a一级A片，共檢測到29個變異位點臀蜜91精品国产免费观看、4種單倍型，核苷酸多樣度和單倍型多樣度分別為0.00648和0.45在线看小A片不卡。

Anser cygnoides：鴻雁(洪雁、大雁)

23 小白額雁(弱雁) Anser erythropus | 24 鴻雁(洪雁亚洲日本色图、大雁) Anser cygnoides | 25 黑雁(大雁) Branta bernicla

Swan Goose Anser cygnoides：鴻雁

2 0068# 小天鵝 WHISTLING SWAN Cygnus columbianus | 3 006 9# 鴻雁 SWAN GOOSE Anser cygnoides | 4 0071# 白額雁 WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE Anser albifrons

Anser cygnoides Swan Goose：鴻雁

紅胸黑雁 Branta ruficollis Red-breasted Goose | 鴻雁 Anser cygnoides Swan Goose | 豆雁 Anser fabalis Bean Goose