Earlier in the expedition, the crew believes, the Arctic Sunrise became the first vessel to travel through the Nares Strait , west of Greenland, to the Arctic Ocean in June an area once impassable at that time of year because of sea ice.

探險(xiǎn)之初，船員們認(rèn)為97久久综合亚洲色HEZYO，"北極日出"號(hào)是第一艘在六月份穿越格陵蘭西內(nèi)爾斯海峽前往北冰洋的船。每年的那個(gè)時(shí)候，這個(gè)地區(qū)曾經(jīng)都因?yàn)楹１采w而無法通行2021色综合,另类日韩。

According to the energy conservation theory, BOM and CSIM4 were coupled. The BOM has no treatment on transmission solar radiation, which is of great importance when the model is adapted to Arctic Ocean. So the treatment was introduced to BOM. Through numerical test on different lead albedos, it was found that sea ice thickness is not so sensitive to lead albedo, which may be contribute to the lead occupies little ratio within multiyear sea ice pack. The reason of summer over-melt of arctic sea ice is the NCEP reanalysis downward solar radiation being larger than its reality. Then the arctic sea ice climate variability was simulated. Results showed that: simulated ice thickness change is in accord with the submarine investigated mean sea-ice draft changes. Simulated annually maximum ice thickness along the Eurasian continental oceans are closely related to the observed ones. The long-term mean simulated ice motion has the same features of the SSM/I derived ice motion. Sea ice extents in differential sub-regions have same trends comparing to the satellite passive-microwave data derived ones. Simulated ice concentration is closely related to the observed in the Arctic sub-regions. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait involves ice concentration, motion and thickness. It is a composite criterion for sea ice model evaluation. The simulated ice area and volume export through the strait accord with the satellite derived or statistically reconstructed ones.(5) The simulated ice thickness climate variability and mean sea surface current of the coupled model were analyzed, results showed: the total ice volume in the Arctic Ocean has a significant decreasing trend. The volume variability is of a 10-year timescale oscillation, with two major periods of 12-13a and 18-20a. Mean ice thickness in the arctic sub-seas has different tendencies. It has an increasing trend in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea, and decreasing in the others. The characteristic time scale of 7-10a wherein the river discharges leads the Fram Strait ice volume export is about the period that river water takes to be conveyed across the Arctic Ocean.(6) Using the simulated ice distribution in the Arctic Ocean and China precipitation, air temperature and SST in tropical key regions, the climate teleconnection were studied. Result showed: When the mean sea ice thickness is large in the central Arctic Ocean and Chukchi-Beaufort Sea , and small in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea , the precipitation in South China, Tibetan Plateau, and the north part of Northeastern China are always smaller than normal, and v. v. When the mean ice thickness is small in CA, BC, East Siberian Sea and Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea , and large in BL, The air temperature in north-eastern China, the southern of Tibetan Plateau, and Hainan Island, are always lower than normal, and v. v. In addition, when the sea ice is thick in BC and BL, the SST is larger in the middle and eastern Pacific Ocean, and is smaller in the tropical Southeastern Indian Ocean.

由于BOM沒有考慮透射太陽(yáng)輻射的物理過程，研究表明透射太陽(yáng)輻射對(duì)北冰洋的能量收支起到重要作用人人妻人人操97，因此在BOM模式中引入了對(duì)透射太陽(yáng)輻射的處理人人上人人搞人人插；通過對(duì)不同水道反照率的數(shù)值試驗(yàn)表明海冰厚度對(duì)水道反照率的敏感性不強(qiáng)，可能與海冰區(qū)水道面積占的比率很小有關(guān)；而模式模擬的北極海冰夏季&過度融化&主要源于NCEP再分析資料提供了偏大的太陽(yáng)短波輻射久久精品国产日本VA；對(duì)北極海冰的氣候變率進(jìn)行了模擬研究国产全黄a一级毛片，結(jié)果表明：模擬的海冰厚度變化與潛艇探測(cè)的海冰吃深度變化具有一致性；模擬和觀測(cè)的亞歐大陸沿海的年內(nèi)最大海冰厚度有很好的相關(guān)精品中文字幕在线；模擬的海冰移速與長(zhǎng)期平均的衛(wèi)星反演的海冰移速具有相同的速度分布特征能看av得网站；模擬的各個(gè)海區(qū)海冰面積的變化趨勢(shì)與衛(wèi)星反演資料分析的結(jié)果基本一致；模擬與觀測(cè)的主要海洋分區(qū)的海冰密集度具有很好的相關(guān)：弗瑞姆海峽的海冰體積和面積的輸送涉及到海冰密集度国产精品黄页免费观看、厚度和移動(dòng)速度国产a片区真实,乱伦，是判斷模式模擬能力的一個(gè)綜合的指標(biāo)，模式模擬的結(jié)果與衛(wèi)星反演或重建的面積輸送69黄片一级、體積輸送具有很好的一致性免费污色网站；(5)分析了模擬的北極海冰厚度的氣候變率及氣候平均表層海流場(chǎng)，結(jié)果表明：北極海冰的總體積有顯著減少的趨勢(shì)三级黄色欧洲激情，北極海冰總體積的變化具有10a際尺度振蕩的特點(diǎn)亚洲一级二级，存在18-20a和12-13a兩個(gè)主周期；北極海冰的平均厚度在各個(gè)海區(qū)的變化趨勢(shì)不同亚洲国产精品无码网，在巴倫支—喀拉海和巴芬灣—拉布拉多海地區(qū)海冰厚度有顯著的增加趨勢(shì)国产一区在线观看免费你懂的，而其它海區(qū)存在減少的趨勢(shì)；通過對(duì)模擬的氣候平均表層海流的分析表明欧美性爱丫丫丫，北極河流流量超前弗瑞姆海峽海冰流量7-10年的特征時(shí)間尺度與表層海流的氣候分布存在著必然聯(lián)系：(6)利用模擬結(jié)果以及中國(guó)降水台湾农村寡妇特级A毛片、氣溫和熱帶關(guān)鍵區(qū)SST資料，討論了北極各海區(qū)海冰平均厚度與中國(guó)降水anjiuse在线观看、氣溫以及熱帶關(guān)鍵區(qū)SST的關(guān)系可以直接进入的黄色网站，結(jié)果表明：在北極中心海區(qū)和楚科奇—波弗特海海冰厚度偏大，在巴倫支—喀拉海以及巴芬灣—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏小18岁禁止的黄色网站，則中國(guó)降水在華南地區(qū)免费看亚洲一区二区三区黄色视频、青藏高原和東北北部降水偏少，反之相反极品婬荡少妇XXXXX；在北極中心海區(qū)久久精品1、東西伯利亞海、楚科奇—波弗特海以及格陵蘭海海冰厚度偏小全网在线毛片网址，在巴芬灣—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大岛国性爱视频在线，則在中國(guó)東北地區(qū)、高原南部地區(qū)和海南島附近氣溫偏低欧美孕交丰满熟妇XXXX性，反之相反日本免费的黄色网站；另外，北極楚科奇—波弗特海和巴芬灣—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大時(shí)麻豆国产原创视频在线看，在熱帶中東太平洋海溫偏高日韩美女A级毛男，而在熱帶東南印度洋海溫偏低国产一伦一色一情。

Arctic area as a driver and adjustor of global climate, it reflects sensitively to climatic change. It will be significant to do paleo-oceanographic research in Arctic, which could be very helpful to the prediction of future global climate change.

北極作為全球天氣變化的驅(qū)動(dòng)器和調(diào)節(jié)器，對(duì)全球的天氣變化非常敏感欧美人妖一区二区三区，通過對(duì)北極海域古海洋學(xué)的研究亚洲欧美日韩综合久久久久久，將有助于我們猜測(cè)未來的全球天氣演變趨勢(shì)。

arctic circle：北極圓

"圓弧規(guī)","arcograph" | "北極圓","arctic circle" | "面積條圖","area bar chart"

Arctic Ocean Routing Area：北冰洋航區(qū)

55www.madou.福利、印度洋航區(qū) Indian Ocean Routing Area | 56、北冰洋航區(qū) Arctic Ocean Routing Area | 57黄A片一区二区三区、班輪運(yùn)輸 liner shipping

arctic buoy：極地浮標(biāo)

arc suppressing varstor,消弧電壓敏電阻器 | arctic buoy,極地浮標(biāo) | area effect,面積影響