We expect it will benefit the industry field to break through the optical measuring limits at present by offering some new ideas. Optical measuring research based on moire interferometry has developed for several decades. The main idea of this research is to utilize the moire effect caused by two superimposed gratings of identical or similar spatial frequency. One is the reference grating and it is a virtual grating created by a computer program in this research; The other grating is the image of grating projected on the measured surface by the DLP projector, and this grating will distort because of the different sloped profile of the surface. To superimpose the program-created grating and the captured distorted grating will derive the so-called moire effect. This research combined the basic theory of optical interferometry and moire effect to project the different phases of the projected grating fringes by the phase-shifting method and compute the principal value of arguments between -π,π. In the end, the phase unwrapping program based on discrete Fourier transform of solving PDEs is used to unwrap the phase of the measured surface, and finally the surface profile is derived by the optical measuring system.

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Therelationship between the turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate,whichis widely used to parameterize the dissipation rate in turbulence closure models,is found to hold well for both reversing and rotating flows,but with differentcoefficients.Microstructure profiling measurements at two comparative stations (a deepercentral basin and a local shelf break) in the stratified Yellow Sea are analyzed,with emphasis on tidal and internal-wave induced turbulence near the bottomand in the pyenocline.The water column has a distinct three-layer thermohaline structure,consisting of weakly stratified surface and bottom boundary layers anda narrow sharp pycnocline.Turbulence in the surface layer is controlled by thediurnal cycle of buoyancy flux and wind forcing at the sea surface.while thebottom stress induced by barotropic tidal eurrents dominates turbulence in thebottom boundary layer.The maximum level at which the tidally enhanced mixingcan affect generally depends on the magnitude of the tidal current,and it canbe up to 10-15 m in the Yellow Sea.This suggests that,in the deeper regionsof the shelf seas,turbulent dissipation and mixing are very weak at the levelsbetween the near-bottom tidally enhanced layer and the pycnocline.Therefore,these levels provide a significant bottle neck for the vertical exchanges.In theshallow regions,however,the tidally-induced turbulence can occupy the wholewater colum below the pycnocline.A quarter-diurnal periodicities of the turbulentdissipation rate and eddy diffusivity are found at different heights with evidenttime lag.In the relatively flat central basin,the pycnocline is essentially non-turbulent and internal-wave activity is very weak.Therefore,vertical fluxes acrossthe pycnocline decreased to molecular levels.In contrast,internal waves of variousperiods can be always found near the local shelf break.

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However, various methods are used to suppress surface waves from shooting to receiving in the process of seismic survey, thus research should be carried out in the following aspects:① joint inversion with surface wave, refraction first break and microlog data;② offset range and the relation between group interval and surface resolution suitable for use in surface wave analysis;③ the influences of lateral relief of array on propagation of surface waves;④ method for Hi-Fi purification of surface wave signals;⑤ method for extracting dispersive curve through time-frequency analysis;⑥ forward modeling and in-version methods of surface wave in view of three-layer structure.

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