The characteristics of pentacene/perylene derivatives based organic solar cells are investigated in this thesis Donor and acceptor layers are pentacene and N N'-dioctyl-3 4 9 10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-2~13C) respectively Twelve organic solar cells with pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C heterojunctions were fabricated to study the influence of various alkylic perylene derivatives on the power conversion efficiency Under the sunlight simulator with AM1 5G filter and 100 mW/cm2 the solar cell of pentacene/PTCDI-7C heterojunction with cathode of Ag/Al bilayer has the best performance among the devices with pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C heterojunctions In PL spectrum analyses the pentacene/PTCDI-7C film had lower recombination rate than the other pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C films; therefore more excitons could reach the P/N junction and enhance short-circuit current Furthermore the PTCDI-7C film grown on the surface of penatcene was more matched than other PTCDI films analyzed by the PL peak shifts of 10 nm and 45 nm thick PTCDI-2~13C and images of atomic force microscope More lattice match between the films of pentacene and PTCDI resulted in fewer defects in P/N junction and more carries can reach electrodes Accordingly the power conversion efficiency approach 2% was obtained from the solar cell with the active layer of pentacene/PTCDI-7C

本研究探討以五環(huán)素/駢苯衍生物異質(zhì)接面太陽能電池之特性美欧三级，利用pentacene作為電子施體有機(jī)材料xxxxx黄，PTCDI -2C~13C作為電子受體有機(jī)材料，制作出異質(zhì)接面為pentacene/ PTCDI-2C ~13C等12種有機(jī)太陽能電池欧美日韩国产在线va，比較不同碳數(shù)的駢苯衍生物對於有機(jī)太陽能電池之光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率之影響亚洲动漫精品一区。在AM1 5G、100 mW/cm2的模擬太陽光下6080三级午夜理论，以pentacene/PTCDI-7C異質(zhì)接面太陽能電池具有短路電流9 882 mA/cm2永久区域18勿进、開路電壓0 376 V、填充因數(shù)0 523及光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率達(dá)1 945%国内偷拍高清精品免费视频，皆比其他pentacene/PTCDI-2C ~13C異質(zhì)接面太陽能電池來的大天堂不卡一区二区在线网站。由薄膜分析可知PTCDI-7C在這12種太陽能電池中具有較低的電子電洞復(fù)合發(fā)光效率，可以讓較多激子到達(dá)異質(zhì)接面進(jìn)行電荷分離深夜在线，減少電子電洞對復(fù)合發(fā)光的機(jī)率6080yy午夜福利无码；此外，由光激發(fā)螢光光譜之峰值位移配合原子力顯微鏡表面結(jié)構(gòu)圖国产碰碰碰，可以得知當(dāng)PTCDI-7C成長在pentacene上時會順著pentacene的結(jié)構(gòu)成長薄膜日韩六九视频无码中文，故較無缺陷產(chǎn)生在P/N接面處；而在其他結(jié)構(gòu)下則無此現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生人人肏人人艹，致使在pentacene/PTCDI-7C薄膜中的載子有較大的機(jī)會可以移動至電極日本性交网站，使光電流提高，進(jìn)而使光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率提高色狼网站在线观看。

A method to model the operation curve for calculating arbitrary time short circuit current with the model identification method is suggested.

本文提出用模型辨識方法精品久久久久久无码中文版，將計算任意時間短路電流的運算曲線模型化，使原來由人工查曲線的計算方法亚洲三级片免费网站，全部由計算機(jī)計算。

If you raise these issues early in the application process, you risk short-circuiting your candidacy.

如果你在申請過程的早期提到這些問題久久国产热，你的風(fēng)險會使你的申請"短路"性爱交视频国产。

In the power supply circuit, series power supply and the adjustment of the series load, the load current flows through all of the adjustments, and transistors Guozainaili worse, once output overload or short circuit, the input voltage increases in the full set of adjustment an emitter, the current surge to adjust the fierce heat, if not over-current protection measures at this time, the adjustment will be burned, power Zhengliuguan also will be greatly threatened or damaged.

中文摘要：在穩(wěn)壓電源電路中，串聯(lián)型穩(wěn)壓電源的調(diào)整管與負(fù)載串聯(lián)一本久道热线dvd，負(fù)載電流全部流經(jīng)調(diào)整管偷拍精偷拍精品欧洲亚洲，而晶體管的過載能力較差黄片视频不卡，一旦輸出端過載或短路，輸入電壓全部加在調(diào)整管集---射極間欧美97人人做人人喊爽，其電流劇增欧美亚洲日韩，使調(diào)整管猛烈發(fā)熱，如果此時沒有過流保護(hù)措施亚洲国产天堂在线观看，調(diào)整管就要被燒壞91天天在线精品国产，電源整流管也將受到巨大威脅或損壞。

But disconnect the load and the output correctly, in the time, I fail to understand why it suddenly occurred to power does not output voltage may also be due to eircuit the power protection, since switching power supply does not have the problem, according to the circuit diagram check switching power supply external power supply module one by one, if the hinge-counter, discovered its signal line wrap wire close to counter one end of the triadha into the signal lines, causing a short circuit input line.

可是斷開負(fù)載人人上人人摸人人操，其輸出正常中文字幕一级毛片在线看，在百思不得其解之時，筆者突然想到電源不能正常輸出電壓也有可能是由于負(fù)載短路使電源保護(hù)造成的呦呦免费，既然開關(guān)電源本身沒有問題XXXx欧美老妇，按照電路圖檢查開關(guān)電源外圍的供電模塊逐一排查，當(dāng)檢查到折頁計數(shù)器時www.99re这里只有精品，無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)其信號線外纏繞的鋼絲線接近計數(shù)器的一端扎進(jìn)了信號線中中文字幕丝袜综合第二页，造成輸入線短路。

Improved travel of the short circuiting terminal 11 is thereby effected.

這樣国产亚洲欧美精品视频，可使短路端子11獲得增大了的行程人人入人人干人人爱爱爱爱爱。

3 For solid and metal cored wires, the qualification using short circuiting transfer qualifies only short circuiting transfer.

對實心和金屬空心焊絲，使用短路傳送進(jìn)行的合格鑒定僅使短路傳送合格

On the foundation of the analysis,a fault diagnosis method which is an advanced pattern recognition method is proposed and a fault diagnosis system of generator excitation power unit based on virtual instrument is developed.It is proved by experiment that the fault diagnosis system can precisely judge which thirstier goes wrong and get accurate diagnosis result.

發(fā)生晶閘管直通故障時wwwwwwwwww黄，瞬間將造成相電壓短路日韩精品欧美狂野国产，短路電流使保護(hù)電路動作；而發(fā)生晶閘管開路故障時(如晶閘管器件門極損壞或觸發(fā)脈沖丟失等故障)天天五月情，功率單元仍然工作精品女同一区二区三区免手续费站，但輸出勵磁電壓的脈動增大，平均值降低美产一毛片免费视频看，這種帶病工作導(dǎo)致勵磁電壓波形產(chǎn)生畸變18禁无遮挡啪啪无码网站免费看，從而導(dǎo)致了發(fā)電機(jī)工作在不穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)，同時也加大了對電網(wǎng)的干擾[2]国产原创在线免费视频。

Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the novel method is immune to broken rotor bar fault and thus more reliable than those presented previously.

大量仿真與實驗結(jié)果表明日韩欧美亚洲综合一区二区三区，該方法可以避免將轉(zhuǎn)子故障誤判為定子繞組匝間短路故障，使定子繞組匝間短路故障識別可靠性大幅提高欧美午夜激情网。

Don't make the battery connector shorted otherwise it might cause fire and damage the battery pack.

充電電池 Battery Pack 不要使電池連接端接觸金屬物產(chǎn)生短路的狀況在线欧美看片免费人成视频，短路可能造成電池液體外泄，損害電池国产欧美国产综合每日更新，還可能引起火災(zāi)乱子刺激对白在线播放。

burr：毛邊

此種交叉設(shè)置方式使管腳減厚部間的距離(Pitch)大幅增加,如此得以避免于切單作業(yè)中進(jìn)行管腳切割時,相鄰管腳因切割毛邊(Burr)延展造成管腳橋接(Bridge)進(jìn)而短路(Short)等缺點,故得顯著提升封裝件切單作業(yè)的品質(zhì),

conditioning：調(diào)整

差別不超軟短路(soft short)是引起某些電池不均衡的主要原因. 在電池生產(chǎn)時的細(xì)微瑕疵可能使電池出現(xiàn)40KΩ以上的短路電阻,由這種高和有關(guān). SOC 調(diào)整(conditioning)是指在電池包首次使用前對其進(jìn)行一次性調(diào)整,該過程至少需要一個完整的電池包放電,然后再進(jìn)行一次

guage：評估,判斷

buttress 支持 | guage 評估,判斷 | short-circuit 使短路,縮短

hillock：丘

而使金屬原子脫離金屬表面四處流串,結(jié)果就導(dǎo)致金屬導(dǎo)線表面上形成坑洞(void)或土丘(hillock)如右圖,造成永久的損害. 這是一種慢性的過程,一旦情況越來越嚴(yán)重,到最后就會造成整個電流短路(short),整個CPU就宣告報銷了.

in line：在線

所有元件(含fine pitch)之焊點檢查及各焊點間短路檢查(solder bridges)依生產(chǎn)線上不同的需求可在線(In line)或離線(Stand alone)應(yīng)用. 在線使用時可與生產(chǎn)線上現(xiàn)有設(shè)備連接,并由ATE系統(tǒng)作遠(yuǎn)端控制

killed：已斷電的

kill the voltage 電網(wǎng)短路時使發(fā)電機(jī)停止發(fā)電 | killed 已斷電的 | killed line 斷線

pulldown：拉下

所以可說Q1"將負(fù)載拉起",而稱之為"挽起(pullup)三極管",Q2則稱為"拉下(pulldown)三極管". 圖9左半部的輸入控制電路,負(fù)責(zé)Q1和Q2三極管的導(dǎo)通與截斷控制,但是必須確保Q1和Q2使不致同時導(dǎo)通,否則將使VCC和地之間經(jīng)由Q1和Q2而形同短路,

shorn：被修剪過的/剪短的

shoring /利用支柱的支撐/支柱/ | shorn /被修剪過的/剪短的/ | short-circuit /使短路/縮短/

short out：使...短路

short oil 短油度 | short out 使...短路 | short paid 欠資的

short out：使短路[中止],縮減

short moment;短時間 | short out;使短路[中止],縮減 | short period;短期