The uncovered tracts and the liver wound surface were managed by some of the methods combined such as high frequency electrocoagulation, titanium clamp, suture, hemostatic gauze oppression, argon-beam coagulation, protein glue adherence, and Endo-GIA switcher. The total operative outcome, operating time, blood loss, postoperative complications and postoperative hospital stay were summarized in order to assess feasibility and safety of the clinical laparoscopic liver resection.Results: 1. Laparoscopic liver resection with clamp dissection method needs only the ordinary laparoscopic equipment. It has a low cost but causes a little more bleeding. 2. Laparoscopic liver resection operated by microwave tissue coagulation method had very little bleeding when dissecting hepatic parenchyma. The operative field is clear and the cost is low. It is a safe, convenient and effective method. 3. Ultrasound dissector is a relatively ideal appliance for laparoscopic liver resection at present because ofless bleeding during operation. But the speed is slow thus prolongs the operation time. Its separating intensity is not strong enough, and it can only be applied to patients without hepatic cirrhosis. 4. Ligsure has clamp dissection and electrocoagulation functions. It can carbonize hepatic tissue including the tracts whose diameters are less than 7mm. It has some advantage in dissecting. However, it has the shortcomings of the clamp dissector during coagulating. 5. Hand-assisted laparoscopic liver resection can make use of the flexibility and feeling of the operators left hand.

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Methods: 1. Experimental laparoscopic liver resection: We selected pigs as experimental models aiming to approach human beings physiological and anatomical condition. After CO2 pneumoperitoneum was established, the ligaments around liver were dissociated. Livers were cut off by the methods such as clamp dissection, microwave tissue coagulator, ultrasound dissector, Ligsure dissection, hand-assisted, short abdominal incision laparoscopy-assisted, and Endo-GIA switcher. The operation time and bleeding volume were compared between different methods of laparoscopic liver resection. The advantages and limitations of different methods were summarized. 2. Clinical laparoscopic liver resection: 15 cases with tumors in segment V of anterior right lobe or segments II, III of left lateral lobe or segment IV of left internal lobe were selected in this study. The liver diseases included hepatocellular cancer, hepatic cavernous hemangioma and hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia. The ligaments around liver were dissociated after CO2 pneumoperitoneum established. Laparoscopic liver resection were carried out by some of the methods combined such as clamp dissection, microwave tissue coagulator, hand-assisted, short abdominal incision laparoscopy-assisted, ultrasound dissector, rotation and suction dissector.

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From April 2000 to June 2002, 512 cases of laparoscopical urologic operation have been performed through transperitoneal and retroperitoneal or extraperitoneal approach: 41 cases of nephrectomy, 36 cases of radical nephrectomy, 10 cases of nephroureterectomy with cystoscopic en bloc excision of the distal ureter and bladder cuff, 3 cases of partial nephrectomy, 78 cases of partial adrenalectomy or resection of adenomas, 71 cases of total adrenalectomy, 17 cases of ureterolithotomy, 122 cases of decortication of renal cyst, 1 case of Anderson-Hynes dismembered pyeloplasty, 7 cases of renal pedical lymphatics disconnection, 2 cases of relative living donor nephrectomy.

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Methods HALS was used in 202 cases including 94 cases of hepatectomy, 29 cases of splenectomy, 28 cases of modified Sugiura procedure, 4 cases of combined hepatectomyand splenectomy, 41 cases of combined hepatectomy and choledocholithotomy, one case of combinedhepatectomy and total hysterectomy and 5 cases of combined splenectomy with choledocholithotomy.

對202例肝或脾外科疾病進行手助腹腔鏡手術(shù)免费毛片视频网站在线播放，包括肝切除94例中文字幕-CaO|草榴神社，脾切除29例，改良Sugiura術(shù)28例中国性交一级A片，肝脾聯(lián)合切除4例曰韩一级A片特黄无码，肝子宮聯(lián)合切除1例，肝切除加膽總管取石術(shù)41例亚洲一区在线二区在线，脾切除加膽總管取石術(shù)5例。

The average age was 27.8 years, and there were 47.5% patients with malignant change, the average age of them was 35.9 years. The choice of operative procedures included total proctocolectomy with ileostomy in 60 cases (26.0%), subtotal colectomy+rectal polyposis electrocautery in 63 cases (27.3%), total colectomy or proetocolectomy with ileo-anal anastomosis in 12 cases (5.2%), total colectomy or proctocolertomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in 19 cases (8.2%), subtotal colectomy+rectal mucoscctorny, through the muscular sheath of rectum ileo-anal anastomosis in 22 cases (9.5%), ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in 47 cases (20.3%), and subtotal proctoeoleetomy in 8 cases (3.5%).

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(1)Both the liver regeneration and apoptosis are influenced by conspicuous bilirubinemia, hepatectomy and hepatic artery resection in rats after obstructive jaundice, especially by the liver resection volume and conspicuous bilirubinemia.(2) Under the condition of conspicuous bilirubinemia, the influence of 70% PH with HAR on liver regeneration and apoptosis is severer than its counterpart of 42% in the rats. Thus, the former is not safe and should be avoided and the later can be used.

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Results Preoperative diagnostic rate was53.6%,and operative resection rate was71.4%,simple cholecystectomy in6cases,cholecystectomy and exploration of the biliary passage in4cases,gallbladder and regional lymphadonectomy in2cases,gallbladder and liver wedge resection and regional lymphadonectomy in6cases,gallblad-der and liver wedge resection and regional lymphadonectomy and right hemicolectomy in1case,and gallbladder and liver wedge resection and regional lymphadonectomy and subtotal gastrectomy and right hemicolectomy in1case.Unre-sectable rate were28.6%,gastro-jejunostomy in2cases,cholecystostomy in1case.Laparotomy exploration only in5cases.

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Result: all the 82 cases,15 were treated with right hemihepatectomy,26 with left hemihepatectomy,10 with quadrate lobectomy,7 with right posterior lobectomy,24 with localization lobectomy.postoperative pathdogic:75 were liver cell carcinoma,7 were carcinoma of bileduct.one case with postoperative hemorrhea,hemostated by reoperation.3 patients with biliary fistula,2 cases were cured by drainage,1 case was cured by ercp.no one died in operation.10(12.2%) died in half year,27(32.9%) died in one year.conclusion: control the indication and amount of heratectomy,contral hemorrhea,treat incised wound of liver correctly and prevent postoperative complications ,that can guarantee the effect of hepatectomy.

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The resection electrode types include: a hand-crafted, temperature-resistant tungsten wire-cutting loop; a coagulating perforated resector that provides a 40% greater coagulation zone than standard cutting loops and performs cutting and coagulation simultaneously during tissue resection; a dimpled vaporization roller that offers a smoother area of vaporization than a grooved roller while providing deep-tissue coagulation; a roller ball and roller barrel, which are used for coagulation and ablation of soft tissue in the bladder and prostate (the roller ball may also be used for endometrial ablation in the uterus); and a Collings knife that allows urologists access to all areas of the prostate and is most commonly used for ureteral meatotomy and transurethral incision of the prostate.

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Surgical procedures included eight proximal pancreatectomies, three total pancreatectomies, nine distal pancreatectomies, and three tumor enucleations from the pancreatic head. Three patients had superior mesenteric vein reconstruction, six had liver resection, one had an extended periaortic node dissection, 11 had splenectomy, and one had left nephrectomy.

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Anal fistulectomy or fistulotomy with hemorrhoidectomy：肛門瘺切除或切開術(shù)并痔瘡切除

直腸癌腹部會陰聯(lián)合切除術(shù) Combined abdomino perineal resection for rect... | 肛門瘺切除或切開術(shù)并痔瘡切除Anal fistulectomy or fistulotomy with hemorrhoidectomy | 外痔血栓切除 Thrombectomy, external hemo...

lobectomy：肺葉切除術(shù)

手術(shù)型式視肺癌發(fā)生部位可分成節(jié)狀切除術(shù)或楔狀切除術(shù)(Segmental resection or wedge resection)、肺葉切除術(shù)(Lobectomy)或肺切除術(shù)(Pneumoectomy). 不過,有些腫瘤會因其大小或位置而無法開刀切除;

abdominal salpingectomy：腹式輸卵管切除術(shù),剖腹輸卵管切除術(shù)

abdominal pressure 腹壓 | abdominal salpingectomy 腹式輸卵管切除術(shù),剖腹輸卵管切除術(shù) | abdominal salpingo-oophorectomy 腹式輸卵管卵巢切除術(shù),剖腹輸卵管卵巢切除術(shù)

subtotal hysterectomy：次全子宮切除術(shù)

⑤次全子宮切除術(shù)(subtotal hysterectomy)又名陰道上子宮切除術(shù),即將子宮頸陰道部以上的子宮切除,根據(jù)手術(shù)途徑不同分為腹式次全子宮切除術(shù)和陰式次全子宮切除術(shù)兩種.

Synovectomy or/and capsulectomy-knee：滑膜切除術(shù)或關(guān)節(jié)囊切除術(shù)- 膝關(guān)節(jié)

滑膜切除術(shù)或關(guān)節(jié)囊切除術(shù)- 股關(guān)節(jié)Synovectomy or... | 滑膜切除術(shù)或關(guān)節(jié)囊切除術(shù)- 膝關(guān)節(jié) Synovectomy or/and capsulectomy-knee | 滑膜切除術(shù)或關(guān)節(jié)囊切除術(shù)- 肩關(guān)節(jié)欧美大片A片在线观看免费、肘關(guān)節(jié)黄色av人人干、腕關(guān)節(jié)或踝關(guān)節(jié)Synovectomy or/and caps...

Synovectomy or/and capsulectomy- hip：滑膜切除術(shù)或關(guān)節(jié)囊切除術(shù)- 股關(guān)節(jié)

急性化膿性關(guān)節(jié)炎切開術(shù)- 肩關(guān)節(jié)、肘關(guān)節(jié)2017人人摸、腕關(guān)節(jié) 日本视频www.、膝關(guān)節(jié)国产精品91在线、踝關(guān)節(jié)Arthrotomy for acute s... | 滑膜切除術(shù)或關(guān)節(jié)囊切除術(shù)- 股關(guān)節(jié)Synovectomy or/and capsulectomy- hip | 滑膜切除術(shù)或關(guān)節(jié)囊切除術(shù)- 膝關(guān)節(jié) Synovectom...

Synovectomy or/and capsulectomy-shoulder elbow, wrist or ankle：滑膜切除術(shù)或關(guān)節(jié)囊切除術(shù)- 肩關(guān)節(jié)、肘關(guān)節(jié)AⅤ免费一级、腕關(guān)節(jié)或踝關(guān)節(jié)

滑膜切除術(shù)或關(guān)節(jié)囊切除術(shù)- 膝關(guān)節(jié) Synovectomy or/... | 滑膜切除術(shù)或關(guān)節(jié)囊切除術(shù)- 肩關(guān)節(jié)亚洲午夜三级片、肘關(guān)節(jié)、腕關(guān)節(jié)或踝關(guān)節(jié)Synovectomy or/and capsulectomy-shoulder elbow, wrist or ankle | 滑膜切除術(shù)或關(guān)節(jié)囊切除術(shù)- 指...

tarsectomy：瞼板切除術(shù) 瞼板切除術(shù) 跗骨切除術(shù)

tarseal 瀝青封層 | tarsectomy 瞼板切除術(shù) 瞼板切除術(shù) 跗骨切除術(shù) | tarsectopia 跗骨脫位

Cystectomy with pelvis LND with urethrectomy without bladder reconstruction：膀胱全切除術(shù)及尿道全切除術(shù)合并骨盆腔淋巴切除術(shù)

膀胱攝護腺根除術(shù)合并骨盆腔淋巴切除... | 膀胱全切除術(shù)及尿道全切除術(shù)合并骨盆腔淋巴切除術(shù)Cystectomy with pelvis LND with urethrectomy without bladder reconstruction | 膀胱全切除術(shù)及骨盆腔淋巴切除術(shù)合并原位...

Cystectomy with pelvis LND without urethrectomy without bladder reconstruction：膀胱全切除術(shù)合并骨盆腔淋巴切除術(shù)

膀胱全切除術(shù)及尿道全切除術(shù)合并禁尿膀胱重建術(shù)... | 膀胱全切除術(shù)合并骨盆腔淋巴切除術(shù)Cystectomy with pelvis LND without urethrectomy without bladder reconstruction | 膀胱攝護腺根除術(shù)合并骨盆腔淋巴切除術(shù)Cys...