Studies on photosynthetic characteristics of Chinese cabbage satellite monosome, diploid or trisome;2. Characteristics of Photosynthesis in Seed Plants of Satellite Chromosome Monosome, Diploid and Trisome of Chinese Cabbage

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They are often morphologically distinct from A chromosomes, being smallerand more highly heterochromatic in most cases. B chromosomes do not pair with Achromosomes, and they are inherited in a non-Mendelian way, exhibiting meiotic andmitotic instability and nondisjunction. However, B chromosome DNA is quiteidentical to the corresponding sequence on the A chromosome complement. So far afew B chromosome specific DNA sequence have been identified. Specific DNAsequences on B chromosome have been the attractive research area on Bchromosomes.

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Results showed that the PMC meiosis of autotetraploid was similar to the diploid except some particularities. In metaphase Ⅰ, multivalent, quadrivalent, trivalent, bivalent and univalent were observed and some of the chromosomes were found not to rank on the metaphase plate and so did in metaphase Ⅱ cells. In anaphase Ⅰ and anaphase Ⅱ cells, there were lagging chromosomes, chromosome bridge and fragment. During anaphase Ⅱ and telophase Ⅱ, chromosome segregation was not synchronous or equal. At tetrad stage, dyad, triad, tetrad with micronucleus and polyad appeared.

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For obtaining the aneuploid in rice,the primary trisomic from triplo-1 to triplo-12 and the aneuploid derived from 1992~1995.From the offspringe of triplo-10, a primary trisomic of chromosome 10 of this variety,an isotetrasomic triplo-10-1 was obtained.

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Monosomic 3, monosomic 5, monosomic 10, trisomic 4 and trisomic 5 as experiment materials, their meiosis behavior of pollen mother cell, pollen characteristics, physiological and biochemical characteristics of anther, section observation of pollen development and the structure of embryo sac were studied, and the effects on the seed set and transmission rate were analyzed.

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In order to explain clearly the variation status of embryo from tetrapoid Robinia pseudoacacia and fully use the variation resource initiated in the sexual reproduction of TRP in the further improvement of TRP, the classification and vitalities of seed embryos from tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia were studied. The main results are as follow. According to the cotyledon number, color and plumpness, the seed embryos of TRP could be divided into 5 types: YVT (yellow, very replete,2 cotyledons), YMT( yellow, more replete,3 cotyledons ), YRF ( yellow, replete,4 cotyledons ), GNT ( green, no-replete, 2 cotyledons ) and WNT ( white, no-replete, 2 cotyledons ).

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genome：染色體組

(一)染色體組(genome)及其基本特征:三式(AAAa)同源四倍體染色體隨機分離普通煙草(Nicotiana tabacum)的起源普通小麥(Triticum aestivum)的起源蕓苔屬(Brassica)各物種的關(guān)系

trisome：三染色體

指二倍體體細胞的染色體數(shù)目為2n+1的現(xiàn)象,這三條同源染色體稱為三染色體(trisome). 三染色體性是異倍性的一種,多加的染色體如果是正常染色體,稱為一級三染色體性,如果是V形染色體,稱為二級三染色體性,如果是移位染色體,

Cucurbita maxima：西葫蘆

例如二倍體的西葫蘆(Cucurbita maxima)本來結(jié)梨形果實,成為同源四倍體以后,所結(jié)果實卻變成扁圓形的.同源四倍體某一同源組的雜合基因型不外乎三種:三式(AAAa) 復式(AAaa)或單式(Aaaa).