And for obtaining the common counsel of the kingdom anent the assessing of an aid (except in the three cases aforesaid) or of a scutage, we will cause to be summoned the archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, and greater barons, severally by our letters; and we will moveover cause to be summoned generally, through our sheriffs and bailiffs, and others who hold of us in chief, for a fixed date, namely, after the expiry of at least forty days, and at a fixed place; and in all letters of such summons we will specify the reason of the summons.

就征收貢金或盾牌錢事宜久久亚洲精品无码喷水，為獲得全國同意最新国产区，我們應(yīng)向各人發(fā)出書面文件傳召大主教国产欧美日韩另类一区、主教、修院長中文字幕在线爱、伯爵和資深男爵集議黄18禁免费网站；此外，我們應(yīng)通過郡長和執(zhí)行吏發(fā)出普遍傳召令毛毛黄片，傳召其他直屬封臣日本免费黄色网址在线看1，在確定的時(shí)間（明確日期，且須在40日之后）和確定的地點(diǎn)召開會(huì)議影音先锋迷奸；在所有傳召文件中直接看av网址，均應(yīng)明確傳召的理由。

Secondly, The introduction of feoff system resulted in the partition of the public power of England, feoff system became the extreme obstacle in making a centralized kingdom of England ; The formation of the common law built up an supreme authority for the law.

其次国产精品亚洲精品专区，封君封臣制及莊園制的引入導(dǎo)致王國公共權(quán)力的分散黄片毛片一级黄片，是中央集權(quán)的最大障礙；普通法的形成則樹立了法律至上的權(quán)威激情小说亚洲色图激情视频，構(gòu)成了對(duì)王權(quán)長期而有效的限制国产h最新在线拍。

It became the special relationship between the Seigneur and the Aristocrat on the basis of land ownership.

封君封臣制是西歐封建主義土地所有制的表現(xiàn)形式，它形成了西歐封建各國的國王與貴族之間以土地關(guān)系為依托的獨(dú)特的封君封臣關(guān)系国产av地址，為封建貴族的分裂割據(jù)奠定了基礎(chǔ)青草中文字幕乱码在线网站。

This will become important later on, as he is the younger brother of the Count of Shetland, one of my not-so-entirely-loyal vassals.

在此后這會(huì)變得很重要，因?yàn)樗俏业囊粋€(gè)并不足夠忠誠的封臣Shetland伯爵的弟弟免费A级毛片91无码A∨。

Of or relating to the relation of a feudal vassal to his lord.

屬于封臣和領(lǐng)主間的封建關(guān)系恶亚洲黄色电影免费看，或有關(guān)這種關(guān)系。

As a result of the country's feudal lords of his vassal, he needed to collect from the 4200 Knights of the armed forces.

由于全國的封建領(lǐng)主都是他的封臣1024亚洲欧洲无码日韩，在需要是他能夠征集起4200名騎士的軍隊(duì)热玖玖久久天堂。

A bristling clump of those trees, monkey-brown with a tarry reek, their trunks nightmarishly tangled, still grows at the left side, facing across an untidy lawn to the big curved window of what used to be the living room but which Miss Vavasour prefers to call, in landladyese, the lounge.

那些樹，褐色還帶著焦灼的氣息爆乳精品国产福利在线，軀干像噩夢一樣糾纏在一起欧洲的免费黄色网站，它們直立的灌木叢依然生長，就是在靠左的那一旁，面向著一個(gè)凌亂的草坪老牛精品在线影视，直到一扇巨大彎曲的窗子农村熟妇，那曾經(jīng)是一間起居室，但&封臣&小姐站在她老板娘的角度更愿意稱呼它是一間休息室超碰在线播。

The royal families of Salian and Staufen appointed many imperial ministeriales as imperial offices to support them to rebuild monarchy. The political situation and economic structure in Germany in that period, namely from 11th to 12th centuries, had a deep slow change; on the political situation Germany transferred from monarchy to local governing, namely territorial states; on the other hand, the commerce resumed and new cities established, social lives were in deep changing in Germany.

薩立安尤其是斯陶芬的王室出于鞏固及加強(qiáng)王權(quán)的需要而大批任用王室封臣www.欧美操逼，并委以重任。11你懂得的视频、12世紀(jì)德國的政治格局69黄色视频在线播放，經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)都在發(fā)生著緩慢而深刻的變化；政治上德國正在由中央集權(quán)向領(lǐng)地邦國制度過渡亚洲欧美综合图片；經(jīng)濟(jì)上農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展啪啪视频黄色，商業(yè)復(fù)興日本爆乳片在线播放，城市興起免费黄色高清无码视频，可以說，德國的方方面面都在變妓女毛毛多免费视频。

The Greatjon blusters, roars, and finally draws a sword on his liege lord.

北境的封臣紛紛宣誓国产精品亚洲视频，除了安柏家不服小史塔克的權(quán)威。

The spirit of feudal system formed after the Conquest was the contract relationship between the seigneurs and vassals, of which the taxation relationship between them was the important part.

諾曼征服后所確立的封建制度的實(shí)質(zhì)即是在封君和封臣之間建立起一種契約關(guān)系一a一级级毛片免费看看，而雙方的稅收征納關(guān)系則是該契約的重要內(nèi)容免费黄污网站。

counsel：建議

封臣義務(wù)中的"建議"(counsel)部分要求他在領(lǐng)主召喚的時(shí)候到領(lǐng)主的城堡來,對(duì)于直屬封臣來說,則在國王召喚的時(shí)候到國王這里來,而"建議"這個(gè)詞本身很快跟這種會(huì)議聯(lián)系在一起.

fealty：效忠

"效忠(Fealty)"來自拉丁語"Fidelitas",也就是忠誠;效忠宣誓因此成為一個(gè)保證,即封臣會(huì)忠于領(lǐng)主. 一旦贊譽(yù)儀式完成,領(lǐng)主和封臣就建立了封建關(guān)系,擁有了雙方承認(rèn)的相互間的義務(wù)和責(zé)任.

Feudalism：封建社會(huì)

本來封建社會(huì)(feudalism)指的是歐洲中世紀(jì)的一種非中央集權(quán)的政治與經(jīng)濟(jì)制度,即:君主,封臣(或諸侯)與土地三者之間的關(guān)系. 君主將土地封給諸侯,諸侯反過來對(duì)君主效忠,并向君主提供軍事服務(wù)(即替君主打仗). 其實(shí)這里沒有peasant什么事.

feudatory：封臣

feudatory 受有封地的 | feudatory 封臣 | feudatory 封臣的

feudatory：封地的

feudatory 封臣的 | feudatory 封地的 | feudist 封建法學(xué)家

feudist：封建法學(xué)家

feudatory 封臣的 | feudatory 封地的 | feudist 封建法學(xué)家

fief：封地

中世紀(jì)盛行的封建主義以"封地"的分封和占有為基礎(chǔ),"封建制度"(feodalite)一詞即源于"封地"(fief). 它是在國王與臣民間建立起以相互忠誠和相互保護(hù)這一雙重承諾為前提的個(gè)人之間的聯(lián)系(封君封臣關(guān)系),以誓約和承諾為保障.

fief：封土

"封土"(fief)和"封臣"(vassal)是構(gòu)成西歐封建主義的兩個(gè)最核心的概念,一個(gè)反映財(cái)產(chǎn)關(guān)系,一個(gè)反映社會(huì)或者政治關(guān)系. 蘇珊雷諾茲緊緊抓住這兩個(gè)概念作文章,仔細(xì)考察它們?cè)谖鳉W中世紀(jì)各國長達(dá)幾百年的發(fā)展變遷歷史. 下面分章進(jìn)行簡要介紹.

vassal：封臣

"封土"(fief)和"封臣"(vassal)是構(gòu)成西歐封建主義的兩個(gè)最核心的概念,一個(gè)反映財(cái)產(chǎn)關(guān)系,一個(gè)反映社會(huì)或者政治關(guān)系. 蘇珊雷諾茲緊緊抓住這兩個(gè)概念作文章,仔細(xì)考察它們?cè)谖鳉W中世紀(jì)各國長達(dá)幾百年的發(fā)展變遷歷史. 下面分章進(jìn)行簡要介紹.

vassal：諸侯,封臣,附庸

central government 中央政府 | vassal 諸侯,封臣,附庸 | aulic 宮廷的