In addition, some modifications on several computational methods are also presented. Using LMTO method the electronic structure of several systems are studied, and some results are obtained. They are: The ideal Nb (100) surface has three surface states, the multi-layer relaxed surface has two surface states. The surface energy of the ideal surface is higher than that of the relaxed surface, that means that the multi-layer relaxed surface is more stable than the former one, which supports the LEED results. The mono-layer relaxed Ag (111) surface is the most stable one among several" stable surface models"presented by several researchers. The surface energy of Ag (111) surface is higher than that of surface Ag (001), which supports some experimental results such as different reaction rate at different surface orientations for the same material. The surafce states of Si (111) surface not only locate near the Fermi level, but also in the valence band, which agrees well with Cohen's conclusion. Si (111)-H is an effective model for analysing the surface states and H adsorbed on the back surface is a good method for improving the convincingness of the results obtained on thinner slab models. The surface stability depends on three different kinds of MoSi〓(001) surfaces, the surface with mono-layer Si is the most stable one, and the surface with Mo at the first layer is the most unstable one among them. These are consistant with the Kemoda's experimental results. The valence bands of clean or K adsorbed CdTe (111) surface agrees well with the synchrotron radiation studies. The surface of CdTe (111) consists of four kinds of surface models which show different surface electronic structures and different surface structure stabilities. The conclusion agrees well with Wu's experimental work. The different absorbed alkali metals on the CdTe (111) surface give different adsorption characteristics which have relations not only with the valence electrons, but also with the core ones of the alkali metals. The electonic structures of Si-C alloys are different from that of Si-Ge alloys, and the energy band gaps of Si-C alloys do not increase linearly with Carbon concentration, our conclusion supports Alexander's results, but conflicts with Soref's one.

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The effect of tribology factors on bearing vibration is studied experimentally. AR model and WPT are used to processing the normal arid abnormal signals. The results are as follows:1. The vibration of ball bearings is caused by the tribology action of contact pairs of ball and ring races and has the essential of tribo-dynamics. Any factors affecting the tribology characteristics of contact pairs will affect vibration and noise of bearings consequently.2. Vibration characteristics of bearing keep almostly unchanged with the increasing of axial load expecting the increasing of nature frequencies. When radial load increasing with axial load unchanged, nature frequencies keep unchanged but some new vibration peaks appears in the spectrum.3. Vibration amplitudes are damped and nature frequency are enhanced with sufficient lubrication. Vibration and noise of bearings increase obviously and roar can happen and the contact surfaces scratch slightly under insufficient and unclean lubrication state. Bearing will be disabled in a few minutes without any lubrication.4. Bearing vibration is unstable under low speed. With the speed increasing, the vibration become stable and natural frequencies increase slightly but the amplitudes increase apparently.5. Bearing vibration can be excited only by some harmonics ofwaviness without lubrication and by all harmonics with lubrication based on the theoretical analysis.6. The nature frequencies of ball bearings decrease with the increasing sizes. When international clearance increasing, nature frequencies decrease in radial and increase in axial and angular and the amplitudes increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular. When the number of balls increasing, nature frequencies increase and amplitudes decrease. When the pitch diameter increasing, axial nature frequency increase and others nearly keep no change. When outer race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular and amplitudes keep no change in radial and increase in axial and angular. When inner race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies decrease and amplitudes increase.7. The distortion in amplitude and frequency components of bearing vibration signals picked up by the present probe measurement method is founded and right conclusions cannot be achieved by the signals. When accelerometer is rigidly screwed with steel stud onto a flat outer surface of a ball bearing, vibration signal can be got without distortion and the reliability of research on bearing vibration is assured.8. AR model is suitable for large samples of bearing vibration signals, square root of length of samples can be used as the upper limitation of order determination and the FPE order selection criterion is effective. Many advantages of AR spectrum are founded over the classical based on FFT.9. Time-Frequency analysis is necessary for abnormal noise of ball bearings. WPT overcomes the principle shortcomings of STFT and proved to be a best tool to process the abnormal signals.

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Through the studies on the local geometrical features of Tripod Operator, an approach for 3-D surface discontinuous detection is proposed at first. A Tripod Operator based description approach for free-form 3-D surface is then investigated.

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The discrete random height variable of worn surface is described with continuous random variables by a mathematical method.

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The main results of the investigation are as following:(1) Some important criteria for the design of multi-layer structure are acquired: the ratio of the layer thickness to the contact diameter should be controlled to a value about 0.8; increasing the number of the gradient layers and elasticity modulus of the top layer would benefit to the yield strength and the stress status at the interface.（2）By means of molecular dynamics simulations for a indentation and sliding process, it is discovered that dislocations of 45 direction to the surface occur in the surfaces layer, which is correspond to the direction of the plastic flows observed in the macroscopic continuous medium. The irreversible deformation caused by the dislocation and the atom piles at the surface are responsible for the irreversibility of the force response. They are also the main factors for the friction generation. The temperature and the indentation velocity have significant effects on the deformation behaviors of the material of the surface layer. The yield strength would increase obviously if the indentation velocity is greater than 10 m/s.（3）A method to evaluate the fracture toughness of coating by estimating the crack-density functionβof a Wicker''s indentation was proposed. Meanwhile a new surface treatment technology was developed using non-equilibrium plasma.（4）A MD-FE hybrid method and corresponding software was developed to analysis the tribological behaviors for multiplayer system.

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In this work,atomic force microscopy,near-field scanning optical microscopy,laser scanning confocal microscopy and quantum dot labeling were used to investigate the biophysical properties(the parameters including morphology,membrane nanostructures,membrane pore, friction distribution,adhesion properties,specific interaction of antigen-antibody,distribution mode of membrane receptors and so on) of T lymphocytes stimulated by phorbol dibutyrate plus ionomycin at nanoscale.

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Degradation test in vitro was carried out in phosphate buffer solution (0.1M, pH7. 4) at 37 ℃. The buffer solution was changed daily. Degradation test in vivo was implanted the sample to subdermal in adult ICH rat in the scapular area lateral to the dorsal midline. At suitable time the samples were recovered. Molecular weight changes in surface layer and bulk of polymer sample were measured by GPC and weight loss was determined gravimetrically. It was found that the degradation behavior can be regulated by changing the composition of copolymers. The critical compositions from surface to bulk degradation behavior for PGCA, PLCA, PLMCA, PLDCA systems were 15-20, 20-30, 30- 40, 40 of mol percent GA or LA unit in copolymers, respectively. The degradation behavior of PGCA, PLCA, PLMCA, PLDCA systems were compared and analysed. Some factors influencing the degradation character, such as copolymer composition, hydrophobicity, crystallinity and enzyme affect etc. played important role.

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Through designing of composition and structure of the bioactive graded coating,innerstress and its distribution in the coating were analyzed and calculated, the resultsshowed that when composition distribution coefficient n was 1.5, a reasonable stressdistribution could be got, that was at the beginning of deposition the suspension containingrichly BG granules was used so that a rich BG granules layer, a good transitional layerbetween BG layer at the bottom and the coating could be obtained at the titanium alloy side,the bottom of the coating; the stress value near the interface and surface and its character,pressure stress or tensile stress, were decided by the character of its composition itself.Changing composition distribution coefficient n could only change the variation tendency ofstress in the coating, but did not change the stress distribution rule in the coating. Thethinner the coating is, the sharper stress variation in the coating is, which does not mean thatthicker coating is better because the thicker the coating is, the little the permitteddeformation of coating is, so the coating thickness should be thinner, for example, about50μm for bending applications, but for applications only bearing pure shear stress, such asroot of tooth implant, the coating can be thicker little, for instance, about 80～100μm. The study on electrification characteristic and electrophoresis deposition of HAand BG granules in aqueous and non-aqueous solution system found that EPD almost didn'toccur in aqueous solution system. However, because HA granules take position charges inabsolute alcohol, a homogeneous EPD be carried out on the cathode titanium alloy slice, but taking negative charge in absolute alcohol the BG granules not be deposited on the cathode. A guided HA crystallizing, 100～300nm, on surface of the BG granules be realized by metathetical reaction, which cover BG granules with HA microcrystals and make the covered BG granules taking position charges in absolute alcohol, sequentially realize the EPCD of the BG and HA granules on the cathode, so it is feasible to make a titanium alloy/BG/HA bioactive graded coating by making use of EPCD technology. The corrosion experiment of rich boron bioglass coating and plasma spray coating showed that split phase, rich boron and rich silicon phase, occurred during its preparation. In basic medium the corrosion behavior of 〓 BG coating showed uniformity corrosion, the corrosion mostly occurred at rich boron phase area, therefore batch formula design of BGshould avoid the occurring of split phase. The corrosion appearance of plasma spray coatingappeared a non-uniform corrosion, mostly occurred at the edge of the laminated HA moltendrops, and emerged an accelerated corrosion tendency, which will easyly lead to corrosioncrackles extending to the interface and the happening of osmotic interfacial corrosion, thatmay be one of the major reasons leading to the coating cracking-off in the later period. Thetesting results of thermal expansion coefficient of 〓 and 〓BG showed the thermalexpansion coefficient of 〓 BG matched with that of titanium alloy better, and 〓 BG couldsinter with titanium alloy into densification enamel layer at low temperature (720℃).

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Two kinds of silicon samples with distinct surface treatment, i. e., one surface was chemically etched and the other was unetched, were used to investigate the characteristics of leakage current and surface flashover of semiconductor under impulse voltage in vacuum. The experimental results showed that the surface conditions of samples affected these characteristics greatly. Before flashover, the Ohmic current was observed for unetched samples and the space charge limited current for etched samples, respectively. Meanwhile both samples showed quite different flashover tracks, and the surface-etched samples displayed a much higher onset voltage of flashover.

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surface characteristic：表面特性

表面性能:workpiece surface characteristic | 表面特性:surface characteristic | 項(xiàng)目特征曲線:Item Characteristic Curve

dip coating：浸涂

我公司根據(jù)PC材料的特性,已成功開發(fā)了用于PC材料(如:太陽光學(xué)鏡片,風(fēng)鏡鏡片,安全頭盔鏡片,滑雪鏡片,手機(jī)鏡片,PC薄膜,PC板材)的表面加硬液,采用浸涂(dip coating)法在基材表面鍍一層3-4um的加硬層即可使其表面硬度達(dá)2-7H.

diffuse reflection：擴(kuò)散反射

「反射」又可分鏡面反射(Specular Reflection)與擴(kuò)散反射(Diffuse Reflection),主要是由於物體表面特性的差異形成. 光線照射光滑表面物體時(shí),會(huì)以同入射角度的方向反射光線. 擴(kuò)散反射則發(fā)生於粗糙表面的物體,光線照射物體后,會(huì)以多種角度反射光線.

Directivity：指向特性

可作電腦錄音設(shè)備使用3) 完美的表面電鍍工藝處理技術(shù)4) 帶抗拉的音頻連接線和微型管體一體化設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)5) 配有結(jié)構(gòu)簡便的話筒咪座,方便不同的使用需求,可作網(wǎng)絡(luò)溝通工具來使用 技術(shù)指標(biāo)[]指向特性(directivity) 單一指向性(un

surface evenness：表面平整度

pavement characteristics 路面特性 | surface evenness 表面平整度 | surface roughness 表面粗糙度

lubrication：潤滑

(1)潤滑(Lubrication) 用潤滑劑減少兩摩擦表面之間的摩擦和磨損或其它形式的表面破壞. (2)潤滑類型(Types of Lubrication) 潤滑劑在兩表面間存在的條件和狀態(tài). (3)流體潤滑(Fluid Lubrication) 作相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的兩固體表面被具有體積粘度特性的流體潤滑劑完全隔開時(shí)的潤滑狀態(tài).

surface tension：表面張

利用噴印技術(shù)及膠體表面張 (surface tension) 的物特性來制作微透鏡陣列并應(yīng)用於導(dǎo)光板微結(jié)構(gòu),達(dá)到抑制全反射,增加正向出光效率及均齊度. 透過控制噴印液滴數(shù)欧美特黄午夜视频、基板溫度及 UV 硬化膠黏度(10cp及20cp)可改變透鏡粒徑大小及成型厚度.

touchable characteristics of wood：木材的觸覺特性

木材表面性質(zhì) surface properties of wood | 木材的觸覺特性 touchable characteristics of wood | 木材的視覺特性 visible characteristics of wood

anodizing：陽極處理

錫 Sn 以防止汽缸 回目錄 1.3 表面處理之重要性 表面處理工業(yè)雖然不是工業(yè)之主流,但只有透過表面處理, 表面處理工業(yè)雖然不是工業(yè)之主流,但只有透過表面處理,制品的特性及價(jià)值才能充份發(fā)揮 出來.應(yīng)用電鍍(plating),陽極處理(anodizing),化成處理(convesion coating),

surface pressure-area isotherms：表面壓力-面積等溫線

surface potential 表面位 | surface pressure-area isotherms 表面壓力-面積等溫線 | surface properties 表面特性