The activity of pyruvate carboxylase depends on the presence of acetyl CoA so that more oxaloacetate os made when acetyl CoA levels rise.

丙酮酸羧化酶的活性依賴于乙酰-CoA 的存在。因此，當(dāng)乙酰-CoA，水平上升時(shí)日韩av精品视频在线播放，會(huì)產(chǎn)生更多的草酰乙酸。

It is also an important intermediate of GLYCOLYSIS, being the immediate precursor of pyruvic acid.

它也是糖酵解過程中重要的中間物欧美国产精选，是丙酮酸的直接前體国内品精久久久久久久国产，在乙醛酸循環(huán)中由草酰乙酸產(chǎn)生而合成葡萄糖。

Why did the addition of oxaloacetate or malate stimulate oxygen consumption?

為什么草酰乙酸或蘋果酸的加入促進(jìn)了氧的消耗91三级片在线视频观看？

Why was the amount of oxygen consumed so much greater than the amount necessary to completely oxidize the added oxaloacetate or malate?

為什么加入草酰乙酸或蘋果酸后耗氧量比完全氧化所需的多出如此之多一区二区亚洲？

Malate dehydrogenase which catalyzes the reversible reaction from oxaloacetate to malate ubiquitously exists in nature.

蘋果酸脫氫酶普遍存在于各種生物中，它負(fù)責(zé)催化草酰乙酸和蘋果酸之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換一级黄色视频高潮。

How is oxaloacetate that is lost from the cycle replenished ?

在生物合成反應(yīng)中丟失的草酰乙酸是如何回補(bǔ)的国产一级视频免费？

All dates were analyzed by the principal component analysis through using the SIMCA-P 10.0 software. Result: The PCA demonstrated that the metabolome between treated group and control group had difference in rat urine sample after of 22 days administrated, for treated group 169 kinds of biomarkers were found including oxalacetic acid, malic acid, 2-ketoglutaric acid, NE, arachidonic acid, 5-HIAA and other compounds, the result was consistent with pharmacological effects of R.coptidis , such as antiinflammatory, inhibiting biosynthesis of CA biosynthesis, anti-central nerve and energy metabolism inhibition.

結(jié)果：給藥22 d，黃連組與對(duì)照組大鼠尿樣代謝組有較大差異亚洲,日韩,欧美小说视频，發(fā)現(xiàn)了169個(gè)生物標(biāo)記物免费咸人AAAAAAA毛片，其中可能的化合物為草酰乙酸、蘋果酸www.xxxxx、2-酮戊二酸、去甲腎上腺素国产老女人乱辈视频、花生四烯酸亚洲桃色AV无码、5-羥吲哚乙酸等物質(zhì)，這與黃連抗炎日本强奸AⅤ视頻大全、阻止兒茶酚胺的生物合成国模AV偷拍、抑制中樞神經(jīng)、降低能量代謝的藥理作用相一致中国黄色视频在线观看。

In the last reaction of the citric acid cycle, malate is dehydrogenated to regenerate the oxaloacetate necessary for the entry of acetyl-CoA into the cycle

在三羧酸循環(huán)的最后一個(gè)反應(yīng)中青青青国产在线精美视频，蘋果酸脫氫重新生成草酰乙酸以供乙酰輔酶A進(jìn)入循環(huán)所必需

Citrate synthase plays a key role in regulating TCA cycle and is responsible for catalysing the synthesis of citrate from oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA.

檸檬酸合成酶在TCA循環(huán)中起著關(guān)鍵的調(diào)節(jié)作用，它催化乙酰輔酶A與草酰乙酸縮合成檸檬酸免费欧美性生活。

Transport of oxaloacetate Oxaloacetate, the product of the first step in gluconeogenesis, must leave the mitochondrion and enter the cytosol where the subsequent enzyme steps take place.

草酰乙酸的運(yùn)輸在糖異生作用中欧美在线a片黄色a片，第一部產(chǎn)物草酰乙酸必須離開線粒體并進(jìn)入胞質(zhì)溶膠国产醉酒迷奷系列在线图片，在胞質(zhì)溶膠中進(jìn)行以后的酶促反應(yīng)步驟欧美视频视频二区主播大秀。

acidification：酸化(作用)

即在黑暗中進(jìn)行PEPC的羧化反應(yīng)和在光下進(jìn)行Rubisco的羧化反應(yīng),與此相伴隨的是由PEP羧化生成草酰乙酸并進(jìn)一步還原為蘋果酸的酸化作用(acidification)和由蘋果酸釋放CO2的脫羧作(decarboxylation).

choline acetylase：膽堿乙跻患短鼗菩陨钇磺化酶

(1)乙酰膽堿的形成:乙酰膽堿主要在膽堿能神經(jīng)末梢形成,與其合成有關(guān)的酶和輔酶有膽堿乙跆丶睹琖WW中文字幕无码；?choline acetylase)和乙酰輔酶A(acetyl coenzyme A). 前者在細(xì)胞體內(nèi)形成并沿軸突轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)至末梢,后者則在末梢線粒體內(nèi)合成,須先與草酰乙酸縮合成枸櫞酸鹽,

Euonymus alatus：鬼箭羽

(4)鬼箭羽(Euonymus alatus)對(duì)胰島素細(xì)胞的刺激作用日本科學(xué)家在測(cè)試后發(fā)現(xiàn)鬼箭羽提純物具有降低血糖的作用. 給正常和四氧嘧啶誘導(dǎo)的糖尿病動(dòng)物施予草酰乙酸鈉這種鬼箭羽提純物中的有效成分后,可降低這些動(dòng)物的血糖水平. 當(dāng)給糖尿病病人相同的藥物后,

fumarate：延胡索酸

二羧酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)載體(dicarboxylate exchange carrier)二羧酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)載體是葉綠體內(nèi)膜中一個(gè)重要的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白, 它能夠交換含有兩個(gè)羧基的酸,如蘋果酸(malate)欧美影院a∨天堂、琥珀酸(succinate)、草酰乙酸(oxaloacetate)国产精品免费视频2021、延胡索酸(fumarate)搜毛片索毛片搜黄片搜黄片色毛片、谷氨酸和天冬氨酸等,

lactic：乳的, 乳汁的, 由乳汁取得的

glutamic-oxaloacetic谷氨酸草酰乙酸,丁酮二酸 | lactic乳的, 乳汁的, 由乳汁取得的 | dehydrogenase脫氫酶,去氫酶

malate dehydrogenase：蘋果酸脫氫酶

L-蘋果酸在以NAD+為輔酶的蘋果酸脫氫酶(malate dehydrogenase)催化下氧化生成草酰乙酸,同時(shí)NAD+還原生成NADH反應(yīng)是可逆的. 丙酮酸脫氫酶復(fù)合物(pyruvate dehydrogenase complex)是個(gè)多酶集合體,復(fù)合物中的酶分子通過非共價(jià)鍵聯(lián)系在一起,

malic acid dehydrogenase：蘋果酸脫氫酶

草酰乙酸由NADP-蘋果酸脫氫酶(malic acid dehydrogenase)催化,被還原為蘋果酸(malic acid,Mal),反應(yīng)在葉綠體中進(jìn)行. 但是,也有植物,其草酰乙酸與谷氨酸在天冬氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(aspartate amino transferase)作用下,OAA接受谷氨酸的氨基,形成天冬氨酸(aspartic acid,

succinate：琥珀酸

二羧酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)載體(dicarboxylate exchange carrier)二羧酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)載體是葉綠體內(nèi)膜中一個(gè)重要的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白, 它能夠交換含有兩個(gè)羧基的酸,如蘋果酸(malate)、琥珀酸(succinate)、草酰乙酸(oxaloacetate)国产69精品久久久久9999不卡、延胡索酸(fumarate)男女18禁啪啪无遮挡激烈动态图红、谷氨酸和天冬氨酸等,

tricarboxylic acid cycle：羧酸循環(huán)

圖4-4 丙酮酸脫氫酶復(fù)合物的作用機(jī)制 2.三羧酸循環(huán)(tricarboxylic acid cycle) 乙酰coa進(jìn)入由一連串反應(yīng)構(gòu)成的循環(huán)體系,被氧化生成h2o和co2. 由于這個(gè)循環(huán)反應(yīng)開始于乙酰coa與草酰乙酸(oxaloacetate)縮合生成的含有三個(gè)羧基的檸檬酸,

gluconeogenesis：糖異生作用

葡萄糖異生作用(gluconeogenesis)是由非糖化合物合成葡萄糖的過程. 能夠進(jìn)行葡萄糖異生作用的非糖前體化合物有多種,如丙酮酸、草酰乙酸思思热99视频、乳酸亚洲一区二区三区四区五区免费在线观看视频、某些氨基酸以及甘油等. 在劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)的肌肉中,當(dāng)糖酵解的速率超過三羧酸循環(huán)和呼吸鏈的速率時(shí)就會(huì)積累乳酸.