First, mathematical foundation of synchronization, i.e. the theory of parameter estimation is introduced. Then, DA/DD or NDA timing synchronization methods based on the ML estimation of timing parameter are presented. They are all widely applied in actual digital communication systems. Interpolation theory in digital signal processing has application in timing synchronization, which makes the sampling clock independent of the timing control so that timing adjustment is realized completely through digital disposal. The issue of interpolation in timing synchronization is discussed.

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To support these clock rates, a reasonable solution is to clock the ADC and DAC at a fixed master clock rate and perform sample rate conversion completely in digital domain.

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7 To 3.3 V operating supply voltage 44.1 kHz sampling frequency 16.9344 MHz (384fs) system clock Built-in crystal oscillator circuit 16-bit, MSB rst, rear-packed serial data input format ( 64 fs bit clock) 8-times oversampling digital lter · 32 dB stopband attenuation ·+0.05 to -0.05 dB passband ripple Deemphasis lter operation · 36 dB stopband attenuation ·-0.09 to +0.23 dB deviation from ideal deem- phasis lter characteristics Attenuator · 7-bit attenuator (128 steps) set by microcontrol- ler Soft mute function set by parallel setting ·(approximately 1024/fs total muting time) Mono setting · Left or right channel mono selectable by micro- controller Built-in innity-zero detection circuit , two-channel D/A converter · 3rd-order noise shaper · 32fs oversampling Built-in 3rd-order post-converter low-pass lters 24-pin VSOP package Molybdenum-gate CMOS process

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A DPC ( 300 ) includes: a frequency source ( 310 ) for generating a clock signal; a delay line ( 320 ) for receiving the clock signal and generating phase-shifted clock signals at output taps; a digital control device ( 330 ) for generating a control signal; and a windowing and selection circuit for generating the output signal, that includes sequential logic devices ( 500, 510, 520 ) and a combining network.

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In this thesis, an all-digital phase-locked loop with large multiplication factor is presented. This circuit can be applied to the video system as a clock generator. It receives the horizontal synchronous signal from the graphics card and then generates a high frequency pixel clock according to the monitor resolution setting to acquire the video signal data. The stability of this sampling clock affects the display image quality directly. If the pixel clock is not stable, the display image will be glittering or jittering.

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SMD-MC34119 Pinout: C Three External Clock Inputs, Two Multi-purpose I/O Pins per Channel C Double PWM Generation, Capture/Waveform Mode, Up/Down Capability One Four-channel 16-bit PWM Controller One Two-wire Interface C Master Mode Support Only, All Two-wire Atmel EEPROMs Supported One 8-channel 10-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter, Four Channels Multiplexed with Digital I/Os IEEE 1149.1 JTAG Boundary Scan on All Digital Pins 5V-tolerant I/Os, including Four High-current Drive I/O lines, Up to 16 mA Each Power Supplies C Embedded 1.8V Regulator, Drawing up to 100 mA for the Core and External Components C 3.3V VDDIO I/O Lines Power Supply, Independent 3.3V VDDFLASH Flash Power Supply C 1.8V VDDCORE Core Power Supply with Brownout Detector Fully Static Operation: Up to 55 MHz at 1.65V and 85C Worst Case Conditions Available in a 64-lead LQFP Package

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MAX1999EEI Pinout: 8- to 32-bit and 16- to 32-bit word packing options Programmable wait state options: 2 to 31 CCLK Digital audio interface includes six serial ports, two pre- cision clock generators, an input data port, three programmable timers and a signal routing unit Serial ports provide: Six dual data line serial ports that operate at up to 50 Mbits/s for a 200 MHz core on each data line each has a clock, frame sync, and two data lines that can be configured as either a receiver or transmitter pair Left-justified sample pair and I2S support, programmable direction for up to 24 simultaneous receive or transmit channels using two I2S compatible stereo devices per serial port TDM support for telecommunications interfaces including 128 TDM channel support for telephony interfaces such as H.100/H.110 Up to 12 TDM stream support, each with 128 channels per frame Companding selection on a per channel basis in TDM mode Input data port provides an additional input path to the DSP core configurable as either eight channels of I2S or serial data or as seven channels plus a single 20-bit wide syn- chronous parallel data acquisition port Supports receive audio channel data in I2S, left-justified sample pair, or right-justified mode Signal routing unit provides configurable and flexible connections between all DAI components, six serial ports, an input data port, two precision clock generators, three timers, 10 interrupts, six flag inputs, six flag outputs, and 20 SRU I/O pins Serial peripheral interface Master or slave serial boot through SPI Full-duplex operation Master-slave mode multimaster support Open drain outputs Programmable baud rates, clock polarities, and phases 3 Muxed Flag/IRQ lines 1 Muxed Flag/Timer expired line ROM based security features: JTAG access to memory permitted with a 64-bit key Protected memory regions that can be assigned to limit access under program control to sensitive code PLL has a wide variety of software and hardware multi- plier/divider ratios JTAG background telemetry for enhanced emulation features IEEE 1149.1 JTAG standard test access port and on-chip emulation Dual voltage: 3.3 V I/O, 1.2 V core Available in 136-ball BGA and 144-lead LQFP packages Lead free packages are also available

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