Based on these theories, it develops a GIS map projection software using Visual C++ as a platform. The software consists of two parts: analytical ordinal transformation and analytical athwart transformation. Analytical athwart transformation implements map projective transformation with coefficients obtained through numerical method, which is also the main idea of this paper. Map projective transformation process is illustrated with the examples of Mercator projection and conic projection.

地圖投影建立了平面上的點(diǎn)(用平面直角坐標(biāo)或者極坐標(biāo)表示)和地球表面上的點(diǎn)之間的函數(shù)關(guān)系，而地理信息系統(tǒng)以平面直角坐標(biāo)形式通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)圖形學(xué)的方法表示2維或3維地理空間信息午夜看国产一区二区三区奸逼黄片，因此亚洲综合色自拍一区，地圖投影起到了地球空間與地理信息系統(tǒng)之間的坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換的橋梁作用[1]。

The system can be used alone or be integrated into other GIS systems to enhance their map projection function. map projection ; map projective transformation ; analytical ordinal transformation ; analytical athwart transformation

在GIS應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)中往往需要管理多種不同地圖的地理數(shù)據(jù)国产高清欧美日韩，這些不同投影的數(shù)據(jù)在進(jìn)行地理空間分析或信息復(fù)合時(shí)需要坐標(biāo)同化最新95在线精品自拍视频，需要將不同投影的坐標(biāo)統(tǒng)一到同一個(gè)坐標(biāo)空間中，隨著G

In this paper, a series of lunar map projection formulas are deduced including azimuthal projections, cylindrical projections and conical projections. The lunar map projections software is compiled. By caculating lunar map projection distortions, their projection distortion rules are found. Base on the lunar exploration mission, the lunar map projection scheme is given in this paper. The azimuthal conformal projection or the circumcenter perspective azimuthal projection is usually used in small areas, especially in two poles. When the whole map of the moon is needed, the azimuthal conformal projection or the circumcenter perspective azimuthal projection is used within 10° in the poles, and the traverse tangent cylindrical conformal projection or the normal secant conical conformal projection can be used in else areas, furthermore, band-division is necessary to reduce the projection distortion.

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In order to reduce distortions of map projection, a new map projection according to the normal of ellipsoid surface is proposed in this paper.

為更大幅度地減小地圖投影變形www婷婷色开心，提出了按橢球面法線(xiàn)投影的一種新的地圖投影方法。

Map Projection ; Map Projection Transformation ; The Gauss Projection ; GIS

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This paper systematically states the basic concept of map projection,the map projection transformation,the Gauss zone dividing porjection.

系統(tǒng)闡述了地圖投影久久无码精品一级A片、地圖投影變換爽摸碰爽视频在线、高斯投影及其分帶投影的基本原理。

Map projection ; inverse transformation ; map projection system ; map projection parameters ; algorithm optimization ; error control

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This thesis focus on GPS application in magnetic suspension engineering:① the formulation of oblique cylindrical projection is worked out according to characteristics of long distance precise engineering and map projection theory. The author has developed an application to accomplish coordinate conversion from generally used coordinate systems to oblique Maglev Coordinates System.② considering not only project peculiarities but also position of control points, selection of initial points, connection type, selection of repeat baseline and ground observed quantities, GPS network is designed on electronic map and we may extract GPS network information by program developed using Visual Basic 6.0 while the results are stored in control point file and baseline vector file.③estimate accuracy of various GPS networks designed on electronic map by method of 2D restriction adjustment. GPS network simulation design and accuracy estimate come true.④Predominate the rules how connection type , repeat baseline and precise baseline of range finder influence GPS network precision through comparing accuracy of various GPS network. Thereby, the solution how to establish GPS network in long distance precise engineering is figured out.

本論文主要研究GPS技術(shù)在磁懸浮工程中的應(yīng)用：①根據(jù)長(zhǎng)距離精密工程的特點(diǎn)亚洲、欧美、日韩丶中文、视频，從地圖投影原理出發(fā)，推導(dǎo)出斜軸圓柱投影的應(yīng)用公式黄页网址在线，并編制計(jì)算軟件视频一区视频二区日韩欧美，實(shí)現(xiàn)從常用坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)向斜軸磁懸浮坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)換計(jì)算；②在A(yíng)utoCAD電子地圖上96在线精品视频免费观看，根據(jù)工程的需要欧美中文一区，并充分考慮控制點(diǎn)的點(diǎn)位、起算點(diǎn)的選擇亚洲国产美女网站、連接方式成熟丰满熟妇高朝XXⅩ、重復(fù)基線(xiàn)的選擇和地面觀(guān)測(cè)量的選擇等因素国产午夜福利在线对白，在電子地圖上進(jìn)行GPS網(wǎng)的設(shè)計(jì)www.天堂网av，根據(jù)Visual Basic 6.0語(yǔ)言編程，提取出GPS網(wǎng)資料国产迷晕暴力玩弄网站，保存在控制點(diǎn)文件和基線(xiàn)向量文件中午夜免费在线污视频一区二区三区；③對(duì)在電子地圖生成的各種類(lèi)型的GPS網(wǎng)進(jìn)行二維約束平差的精度估算，實(shí)現(xiàn)了GPS網(wǎng)的模擬設(shè)計(jì)與精度估算在线视频小说图片一区；④通過(guò)對(duì)各種控制網(wǎng)的精度比較成人免费在线观看网址视频，掌握連接方式、重復(fù)基線(xiàn)91AA一级黄色片、精密測(cè)距儀基線(xiàn)對(duì)GPS網(wǎng)精度影響的規(guī)律欧美日韩a√播放三区，解決了長(zhǎng)距離精密工程GPS網(wǎng)的建立方法。

On the basis of Earth surface space using reference ellipsoid as height basis, map space using Gauss-Kruger projection plane as height basis, a viewpoint is proposed that map projection actually establishes corresponding relationship between the height bases of two different spaces above. From the viewpoint of projection and visible representation, the relationships among earth surface space, RS imagery space and map space are analyzed; the differences among different representations of earth surface space are identified theoretically; virtual reality is applied to the representation of land surface space, and a prototype of real 3D virtual reality system based on spatial information is developed. By means of digital simulation, virtual reality representation of land surface space in visual image space is realized.

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This paper studies and analyses the map projection transformation, using VC ++ programming language to realize three projection transformation: inclined position projection, Mercator projection and Gaussian M- Ke Lvge projection, and makes the application tests.

本文對(duì)地圖投影變換做了嘗試性的分析研究，利用VC++編程語(yǔ)言實(shí)現(xiàn)了斜軸等積方位投影国产又色又猛又黄又大视频、墨卡托投影和高斯-克呂格投影三種投影變換一区无码在线，并做了應(yīng)用測(cè)試。