The observability of linear hybrid system may be affected by control inputs, which include discrete and continuous control inputs.

線性混合系統(tǒng)的控制輸入（包括離散控制和連續(xù)控制）會(huì)影響混合系統(tǒng)的狀態(tài)可觀性。

But the precision and velocity .of the value of the state variables are decided by the observability of INS.

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In the second part, necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for complete reachability and observability of periodic time-varying descriptor systems.

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By introducing a series of new concepts, the dissertation takes much effort in studying the dynamic properties of the model, for example, the stability, the resistability to disturbance, the controllability and the observability.

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The method made lead and lag errors boil down to GPS errors, which could be emendated by map data on the basis of the observability of GPS errors along the vertical direction. A general Kalman filtering was constructed to process the information of corrected GPS and DRS later, Which decreased lead and lag errors in the integrated navigation system.

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The analysis model of grouped-metadata may construct based on coupling information of variables and methods inside component. According to formal component couping testing criteria description, coupling relationship among methods inside component is decribed using component methods coupling graph. And DU table is further constructed, which includes definition and definition information of component method. Then observation mechanism based on observation–points is introduced in order to increase the observability of component. An implementation framework of testable component is constructed bansed on coupling information.

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Perceivers and targets' personality characteristics had moderate effect on both accuracy and meta-accuracy; Participants whose content of internet chatting was more true were judged more accuratly, and had more accurate metaperception; Unlike researches using face to face interaction, traits' observability had negative effect on accuacy and meta-accuracy;Traits' desirability tended to reduce the accuracy and had no significant effect on meta-accuracy; Though gender had no significant effect on accuracy and meta-accuracy, there were noteworthy sex differences in the content of interpersonal perception.

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Theory analysis showed that the method of two-position alignment increases the observability degree of state variables, especially for the error of accelerometer and azimuth misalignment.

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The transformation of the yaw moment under differential brake and the impact of the slip ratio and road surface friction coefficient to the yaw moment were analyzed. The distribution method of the brake force was confirmed. After analyzing the observability of the control system, the state observer was designed, the evaluation of the side slip angle was completed and result of the evaluation wan validated.

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