Combined with additional sequences of 20 bivalves and 6 gastropods downloaded from NCBI (National Center of Biological Institution), molecular phylogenetic trees were constructed using 4 Polyplacophora species as outgroup. The result resolved by maximum-parsimony, maximum-likelihood and Bayes-induce methods were in congruent with each other, which indicated that all bivalves formed a monophyletic group clustering with its sister-group, Gastropod.

結(jié)果顯示：所有雙殼綱的種類構(gòu)成了單系發(fā)生的進化枝欧美老妇人性爱网，與其姐妹群腹足綱聚在一起欧美国产日韩一区二区三区免费的在线视频；雙殼綱可以分為異齒亞綱和翼形亞綱兩大類群，異齒亞綱是單系發(fā)生在线日韩素人自拍网页观看视频，翼形亞綱的系統(tǒng)發(fā)生關(guān)系則隨方法的不同有所區(qū)別亚洲精品综合玖玖爱在线，牡蠣科的位置是造成此差異的主要因素。

Our interpretation of the results from parsimony, distance and maximum likelihood based phylogenetic analyses suggest:(1) African colobines and Asian colobines have been independent evolutionary entities for a long time; the divergent time is estimated to occur 10 million years ago based on a molecular clock of 2% substitution per site per million years;(2) both Rhinopithecus and Trachypithecus could be regarded as separate genus;(3) Pygathrix and Rhinopithecus are sister groups while Presbytis and Trachypithecus are closely related;(4) both the Sichuan and Yunnan snub-nosed monkey represent valid species respectively;(5) within genus Trachypithecus, T. phayrei is closely related to T. cristatus and T. auratus, while T. francoisi is distinct from them; the white-headed leaf monkey, however, should be a subspecies of T. francoisi;(6) within genus Presbytis, P. thomasi should be separated as a valid species from P. melalophos, but the genetically divergent degree between P. comata and P. melalophos implies that P. comata may just be a subspecies of P. melalophos.

結(jié)果表明：（1）非洲疣猴與亞洲疣猴的分歧已非常明顯国产在线3p，按分子鐘推算的分歧時間約在1人人骚人人操人人高潮，000萬年前；（2）Rhinopithecus和Trachypithecus均應(yīng)成為獨立的屬岛国欧美黄色网站视频；（3）白臀葉猴屬與金絲猴屬關(guān)系較近国产精品igao视频网网站，Presbytis屬和Trachypithecus屬關(guān)系也較近；（4）我國的川国产精品久久一区二区三区青青、滇金絲猴應(yīng)分別被視為獨立的物種一个人看的免费无码视频网站；（5）在Trachypithecus屬中，菲氏葉猴與銀葉猴(T.cristatus)和烏木葉猴親緣關(guān)系較近AAAα黄色视频，黑葉猴(T.francoisi)則與它們的關(guān)系較遠操X国产，曾被懷疑為一個種的白頭葉猴(T.f.leucocephalus)應(yīng)只是黑葉猴的一個亞種；（6）在Presbytis屬內(nèi)www.婷婷五月情.com，托氏葉猴應(yīng)從僧帽葉猴(P.melalophos)中獨立出來成為一個有效種久久久99人妻免费精品区一，但我們的結(jié)果傾向于將灰發(fā)葉猴置為僧帽葉猴的一個亞種国产很爽的超薄丝袜脚交网站。

We constructed a matrix based on distribution data for Chinese Tetrigidae insects and an area cladogram using northeastern China area as an outgroup. Exhaustive searches were conducted under the maximum parsimony criterion.

根據(jù)蚱科昆蟲的分布，構(gòu)建特有性簡約性分析所需的矩陣黄色一级网站视频在线观看，以東北區(qū)作為外群欧美亚洲综合另类国产情拍图，用最大簡約法通過窮盡式搜索得到分布區(qū)分支圖。

A molecular phylogenetic tree was built with Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony software. Given the analysis results of the tree and the morphological characteristics of the strain, ZNLD-18 was Trametes versicolor.

利用PAUP軟件構(gòu)建分子系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹鲁鲁在线视频，通過對該樹的分析并綜合菌株的形態(tài)特征在线视频中文字幕日韩精品一区二区，鑒定菌株ZNLD-18為白腐菌Trametes versicolor。

Three primer pairs located in psbA~trnK, psbB~psbH and trnR-ACG~trnN-GUU regions were applied in phylogenetic analysis according to Maximum parsimony and Neighbor-joining methods. The consistent results between the phylogenetic analysis and taxonomy indicated the application potential of the three primer pairs in phylogenetic analysis and species identification. However, due to no sequence variation observed in amplified regions between two vegetable soybean varieties (KS5 and KS8), two cowpea subspecies (Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica and Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis), and among three rice varieties (TNG67, TK9, and TCS10), the three primer pairs are not effective in identifying variation within species.

選擇其中三組引子對(基因體位置為psbA~trnK特级欧美婬片免费高直播播、psbB~psbH及trnR-ACG~trnN-GUU)增幅片段之序列進行親緣分析国内精品视屏，以最大簡約法及鄰接法之分群結(jié)果皆與目前植物分類相符，故三組引子對在物種間親緣關(guān)系分析及物種鑒定上都有不錯的效果欧美日韩一卡，位於psbA~trnK及psbB~psbH之引子對效果尤佳超碰在线免费观看97，但是三組引子對在物種內(nèi)變異的辨識效果不甚理想，在兩個毛豆品種間(高雄5號與高雄8號)超碰0视、兩個豇豆亞種間及三個水稻品種間(臺農(nóng)67號国产精品观看在线亚洲人成网、臺稉9號與臺中秈10號)的增幅片段沒有明顯差異存在。

Though he is generous even to profusion, he affects to be thought a prodigy of parsimony and prudence; though his conversation be replete with the most sordid and selfish maxims, his heart is deleted with the most unbounded love.

他的脾氣本來是慷慨大方到了揮金如土的地步黃页视频在线观看，卻愛在人前裝出一副特別吝嗇小氣的樣子啊啊啊啊欧美国产18；他心里對人們充滿著無限的熱愛，滿嘴里說的卻是卑鄙自私的口頭禪亚洲无码高清四级黄色网。

Though he is generous even to profusion⑶, he affects to be thought a prodigy⑷ of parsimony⑸ and prudence⑹; though his conversation be replete with the most sordid⑺ and selfish maxims⑻, his heart is dilated⑼ with the most unbounded⑽ love.

他的脾氣本來是慷慨大方到了揮金如土的地步激情黄色网站专区视频，卻愛在人前裝出一副特別吝嗇小氣的樣子；他心里對人們充滿著無限的熱愛亚洲视频无码在线观看，滿嘴里說的卻是卑鄙自私的口頭禪国产黄色专区。

Though he is generous even to profusion, he affects to be thought a prodigy of parsimony and prudence; though his conversation be replete with the most sordid and selfish maxims, his heart is dilated with the most unbounded love.

盡管其言談之中滿是污穢和自私的格言，其內(nèi)心卻充盈著最博大無際的愛心欧美福利在线观看网。據(jù)我所知日皮欧美，他常宣稱自己是人類憎惡者；然而插插国产，他的臉龐上卻總漾溢著憐憫之情无码乱伦国产。雖然其神情會柔化為一片慈悲，我卻聽到過他使用最為惡劣的言辭哟哟,62com，其惡劣程度可謂無以復(fù)加亚洲欧美性生活在线看片。

Though he is generous even to profusion, he affects to be thought a prodigy of parsimony and prudence; though his conversation be replete with the most sordid and selfish maxims, his heart is dilated with the most unbounded love.

但在我所有認識的人當(dāng)中，唯有他似乎羞恥于其與生俱有的慈悲之心自拍偷拍视频二区。他會竭力掩飾其真情免费全网A片，一如任何一個偽君子會掩飾其冷漠那樣。

Though he is generous even to profusion, he affects to be thought a prodigy of parsimony and prudence; though his conversation be replete with the most sordid and selfish maxims, his heart is dilated with the most unbounded love.

據(jù)我所知三级片黄色性爱视频在线观看，他常宣稱自己是人類憎惡者亚洲一区二区国产日韩欧美；然而亚洲伊人天堂午夜网站，他的臉龐上卻總漾溢著憐憫之情。雖然其神情會柔化為一片慈悲亚洲顶级毛片18禁无遮挡，我卻聽到過他使用最為惡劣的言辭爱爱永久网站，其惡劣程度可謂無以復(fù)加。