The Frechet derivative of the cost function is determined via the solution of an adjoint partial differential equation, and the boundary shape is then modified in a direction of descent. This process is repeated until an optimum solution is approached. The advantage is that the cost function variation is independent of the flow field variation, with the result that the gradient of cost function with respect to arbitrary number of design variables can be determined without the need for additional flow-field evaluations. So each design cycle requires the numerical solution of both the flow and the adjoint equations leading to a computational cost roughly equal to the cost of two flow solutions.

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It is found that:(1) the variation of dFM may lead to two different features for the IEC,one is the oscillatory behavior of IEC with the spacer thickness,the other is the exponential behavior in the most spacer thickness.(2)As a oscillatory function of dFM ,the IEC exhibits multiple periods and a negative non-oscillatory term.(3)The Fermi energy of the conduction electrons has a little variation as the magnetization of the two FMs changes from parallel to antiparallel alignment,furthermore,this variation is correlated with the IEC to some extent.

結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：（1）dFM的變化會導(dǎo)致層間交換耦合出現(xiàn)兩種不同的特征，一種是隨著中間層厚度的增加婷婷亚洲色图日韩，IEC有振蕩行為免费偷拍视频；另一種是其指數(shù)衰減行為；（2）作為dFM的振蕩函數(shù)精品日韩手机版视频在线观看免费，IEC表現(xiàn)出多個周期和一個負(fù)的非振蕩項男男精品视频一区二区；（3）傳導(dǎo)電子的費(fèi)密能會隨著兩鐵磁體的磁化排列變化而稍有變化，進(jìn)一步地人妖专区综合无码第一页，這種變化與IEC有著某種程度的關(guān)聯(lián)欧美午夜A片一区二区。

By getting Lebesgue characteristic of integrable function of Riemann from the definition of Gather zero measure, discussing the relation between almost continuous everywhere and existent of limit, it gets the theory which is from the function integrability to the consecution and from consecution to the limit existence .i.e. the almost limit existence is equal to the almost continuous everywhere in the integrable function of Riemann. It also gets a unified condition which has a wider range than regulated function and comes to the conclusion that the function of bounded variation is the integrable function of Riemann.

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Thirdly,quasi-normal inequalities of a-variation maximal operator and a-conditional variation maximal operator of scalar predictable tree martingales areidentified by the use of martingale transforms and by the construction of convex or concave function method;on this basis and with the help of previsiblity or regu-larity,Burkholder-Davis-Gundy\'s inequality of a-variation maximal operator and a-conditional variation maximal operator of scalar predictable tree martingales are iden-tified by the application of Hardy-Lorentz interpolation theory.At the same time,bythe use of G.

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Because of the interaction between bonds, the variation of wave function of a shallow level is small, but the correction on the ionization energy may be appreciable.

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The research results show as follows. As plastic deformation increases, the Young's modulus of material continuously changes. This variation law is able to be described using a piecewise linear function .Hardening model and whether the variation is considered or not make great effet on springback prediction. It is proved that the springback prediction result which adopts the elastic-plastic constitutive model based on INLK hardening model and the variation of Young's modulus is considered, is more close to experimental result. After the sheet metal undergoes multiple bending, the corner radius and bending height also affect springback greatly.But the effect trend is different. At the same time, the reliability of springback research using numerical simulation is proved.

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In order to investigate the effect of IFN-γon the expression of TNF-αin the hypothala- mus-pituitary-ovary axisof RU486-induced aborted SD rats, RU486 was used to establish the abortion model, then the aborted rats were administrated with different doses of IFN-γintraperitoneal injection, the method of immunohistochemical ultrasensitive SP was us- ed to study the variation of positive TNF-αcells in hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary and uterus in normal pregnant group A, aborted model group B and three different doses of IFN-γgroup C,D,E. The main goal of this research was to study whether the low dose of IFN-γcould have a protective function to pregnancy and the mechanism of its function so as to provide morph- ologic basis for the scientific using of IFN-γin the process of animal abortion control.

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The third winding is coupled between the primary winding and a capacitor to produce a current that controls a variation of a ratio between the focus voltage and the anode voltage as a function of variation in a beam current in the cathode ray tube.

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This large variation is a function of the structure of production in developed countries and the share of their labor market that is in direct competition with low-skilled workers in developing countries.

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The part of calculus that deals with the variation of a function with respect to changes in the independent variable by means of the concepts of derivative and differential.

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