We explore these questions in Legume model system, Lotus japonicus. Compared with model plants Antirrhinum and Arabidopsis, floral pattern formation of Lotus japonicus is different in several aspects. Floral organs initiate in an order of sepals, carpel, petals, stamens. Within each whorl, organs initiate unidirectionally from ventral side to dorsal side. Initiation of organs in different whorl overlaps. Stamens exist in both 2nd whorl and 3rd whorl, and 2nd whorl is heterogeneous for the existence of different identity organs .

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Sepals 3(or 5); lateral sepals free or connate, margins entire or serrate; lower sepal large, petaloid, usually navicular, funnelform, saccate, or cornute, tapering or abruptly constricted into a nectariferous spur broadly or narrowly filiform, straight, curved, incurved, or ± coiled, swollen at tip, or pointed, rarely 2-lobed, rarely without spur. Petals 5, free, upper petal flat or cucullate, small or large, often crested abaxially, lateral petals free or united in pairs. Stamens 5, alternating with petals, connate or nearly so into a ring surrounding ovary and stigma, falling off in one piece before stigma ripens; filaments short, flat with a scalelike appendage inside; anthers 2-celled, connivent, opening by a slit or pore.

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The distribution of the qualitative characters The performance of the 39 chief qualitative characters were observed and recorded,according to the test method of morphological characters in the .The results of distribution proportion of each character in cultivars group showed that the distribution of 32 characters(number of ray flower rings,floret curliness,shape of leaf base,size of stipule and so on) were very asymmetrical with near or above 70%cultivars concentrated upon one or two performance, however,the distribution of the other 7 characters(floret type,surface color of outer floret,back color of outer floret,color of disc floret,claw in base of sinus between lateral lobes,stem erectness and stem color) in the cultivars group were relatively symmetrical.

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Petals alternisepalous,(2-)4, absent in female flowers of some Myriophyllum , imbricate, longer than sepals, often deciduous with stamens.

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A F2 population derived from a cross between apetalous line' APT02 'and normal petalled cultivar 'ZS NO.4' was used for molecular markers and mapping of the gene controlling petal-loss trait in Brassica napus.20 pairs of AFLP primers and 170 pairs of SRAP primers were selected between two parents.

在無花瓣品系APT02和正常有花瓣品種中雙4號構(gòu)建的的F2分離群體中，運用AFLP和SRAP兩種標記技術對甘藍型油菜花瓣缺失基因進行分子標記和圖譜定位日韩福利一级视频在线播放网站免费。

By means of three years investigation of peach-blossom cultivars found in Beijing, and based on the classification system of flower culti-vars presented by professor Chen Junyu, the author uses the branching habit as the first classification criterion, flower-form as the second criterion, and flower-color, number of petals and calyces as the third criterion.

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The results indicated that the water or 50% ethanol extracts from peonies petals could reduce light absorption of DPPH and OH initiated hydroxylation of salicylate, and inhibit O2(superscript -) mediated light chemical reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium effectively, and lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty from yolk lipoprotein, in which DPPH scavenging activities of 6 peonies water extracts were hinger than that of 200 μg/mL BHT, but lower than 80 μg/mL Vc. In 4 kinds of detecting systems of antioxidation, the peroxidation activity of deep colored flowers of peonies was higher than that of light colored flowers of peonies.

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Five floral organ identity genes of Mussaenda pubescens were cloned and their expression patterns among different organs were detected by RT-PCR. The AP1 homologue, MupAP1, is expressed in enlarged and small sepals, petals and stamens, carpels and fruits; the SEP3 homologue, MupSEP is strongly expressed in all floral organs and weak in leaves as well. Two of the B class gene, AP3 homologue MupDEF and TM6 homologue MupTM6, were detected expressed in all floral organs, however, the other B class gene, MupGLO, homologous to PI, were detected expressed in small sepals, petals and stamens, carpels and fruits, but not in enlarged sepals.

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The knock-down of the three LjCYC genes gives rise to the ventralized identity to all petals, which are keeled shape, resulting in a floral transformation from a zygomorphy to an asymmetry, indicating that the asymmetry floral pattern could be a ground stage before LjCYC1, LjCYC2 and LjCYC3 being recruited in the control of floral asymmetrical development in Lotus japonicus.

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In SGK321 with expression of CpTI and Bt insecticidal protein genes, both petal and leaf showed significantly higher insect resistant activity than bud and boll heart.

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